User:Mr. Ibrahem/Atherosclerosis
| Atherosclerosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Arteriosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) |
 | |
| The progression of atherosclerosis (narrowing exaggerated) | |
| Specialty | Cardiology, angiology |
| Symptoms | None[1] |
| Complications | Coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, kidney problems[1] |
| Usual onset | Youth (worsens with age)[2] |
| Causes | Unknown[1] |
| Risk factors | High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, family history, unhealthy diet[3] |
| Prevention | Healthy diet, exercise, not smoking, maintaining a normal weight[4] |
| Medication | Statins, blood pressure medication, aspirin[5] |
| Frequency | ≈100% (>65 years old)[6] |
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the buildup of plaque.[7] Initially, there are generally no symptoms.[1] When severe, it can result in coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or kidney problems, depending on which arteries are affected.[1] Symptoms, if they occur, generally do not begin until middle age.[3]
The exact cause is not known.[1] Risk factors include abnormal cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, family history, and an unhealthy diet.[3] Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.[7] The narrowing of arteries limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to parts of the body.[7] Diagnosis is based upon a physical exam, electrocardiogram, and exercise stress test, among others.[8]
Prevention is generally by eating a healthy diet, exercising, not smoking, and maintaining a normal weight.[4] Treatment of established disease may include medications to lower cholesterol such as statins, blood pressure medication, or medications that decrease clotting, such as aspirin.[5] A number of procedures may also be carried out such as percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft, or carotid endarterectomy.[5]
Atherosclerosis generally starts when a person is young and worsens with age.[2] Almost all people are affected to some degree by the age of 65.[6] It is the number one cause of death and disability in the developed world.[9] Though it was first described in 1575,[10] there is evidence that the condition occurred in people more than 5,000 years ago.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Atherosclerosis? - NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ a b "What Causes Atherosclerosis? - NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ^ a b c "Who Is at Risk for Atherosclerosis?". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ a b "How Can Atherosclerosis Be Prevented or Delayed? - NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ^ a b c "How Is Atherosclerosis Treated? - NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ^ a b Aronow, Wilbert S.; Fleg, Jerome L.; Rich, Michael W. (2013). Tresch and Aronow's Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, Fifth Edition. CRC Press. p. 171. ISBN 9781842145449. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
- ^ a b c "What Is Atherosclerosis? - NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ^ "How Is Atherosclerosis Diagnosed? - NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
- ^ Topol, Eric J.; Califf, Robert M. (2007). Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2. ISBN 9780781770125. Archived from the original on 2020-01-02. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
- ^ a b Shor, Allan (2008). Chlamydia Atherosclerosis Lesion: Discovery, Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 8. ISBN 9781846288104. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2020-07-09.