User:Rincewind42/sandbox/Palaeontology in China

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'Palaeontology in China refers to Palaeontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the People's Republic of China.

Formations

Site	Province	Age
Chaomidianzi Formation	Liaoning	Lower Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)
Dabeigou Formation	Hebei	Cretaceous
Daohugou Beds	Hebei, Liaoning	Jurassic or Cretaceous
Dashanpu Formation	Sichuan	Middle Jurassic
Dashuigou Formation	Inner Mongolia	Lower Cretaceous
Ejinhoro Formation	Inner Mongolia	Lower Cretaceous
Fangou Formation		Paleocene
Huadian Formation	Jilin	Eocene
Iren Dabasu Formation	Inner Mongolia	Upper Cretaceous
Jiufotang Formation	Liaoning	Lower Cretaceous
Lufeng Formation	Yunnan	Jurassic
Luoping^[1]	Yunnan	Middle Triassic
Maotianshan Shales	Chengjiang County, Yunnan	Cambrian
Minhe Formation	Gansu, Inner Mongolia	Cretaceous
Shishugou Formation	Xinjiang	Upper Jurassic
Tiaojishan Formation	Hebei, Liaoning	Middle Jurassic
Tuchengzi Formation	Hebei, Liaoning	Lower Cretaceous
Tugulu Group	Xinjiang	Lower Cretaceous
Ulansuhai Formation	Inner Mongolia	Lower Cretaceous
Wucaiwan Formation	Xinjiang	Middle Jurassic
Xiagou Formation	Gansu	Cretaceous
Xinminbao Group (Chijinbao, Digou and Zhonggou formations)	Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai	Lower Cretaceous
Xiushan Formation	Guizhou	Lower Silurian (Llandovery)
Yixian Formation	Liaoning	Lower Cretaceous
Yuliangze Formation	Heilongjiang	Upper Cretaceous
Zhongming Formation		Devonian
Zhoukoudian	Beijing	Pleistocene

Palaeobiota

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Fauna

Amphibians

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Callobatrachus	C. sanyanensis	Lujiatun Bed	A disc-tongued frog
Liaobatrachus	L. grabaui	Jianshangou Bed	A spadefoot toad
Liaoxitriton	L. zhongjiani		A salamander related to the earlier L. daohugouensis of the Daohugou Beds.
Mesophryne	M. beipiaoensis	Lujiatun Bed	A frog with no known living relatives.

Fish

Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Hybodontoidea indet.	Family, genus and species indeterminate			A shark known from a single dorsal fin spine^[2]
Lycoptera	L. davidi	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Also present in the Jiufotang Formation & Huajiying Formation	An osteoglossiform	Lycoptera davidi Protosephurus Sinamia
	L. muroii	Jingangshan Bed
	L. sinensis	Jianshangou Bed
Mesomyzon	M. mengae			A lamprey
Peipiaosteus	P. pani	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Bed	Also present in the Jiufotang Formation	A peipiaosteid fish related to sturgeons
Protosephurus	P. liui	Dawangzhangzi Bed	Also present in the Jiufotang & Huajiying Formations	A paddlefish
Sinamia	S. zdanskyi	Jianshangou Bed		A Bowfin
Yanosteus	Y. longidorsalis		Also present in the Huajiying Formation	A peipiaosteid

Mammals

The mammals listed below were compiled in a survey by Meng and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[3]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Acristatherium	A. yanensis^[4]	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A eutherian	Repenomamus robustus Sinodelphys Zhangheotherium
Akidolestes	A. cifellii	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A symmetrodont
Chaoyangodens^[5]	C. lii	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	An eutriconodont
Eomaia	E. scansoria	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A stem therian
Gobiconodon	G. zofiae	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Gobiconodon	G. luoianus ^[6]			A gobiconodont
Jeholodens	J. jenkinsi	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A eutriconodont
Juchilestes^[7]	J. liaoningensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	An amphidontid
Maotherium	M. sinensis	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A symmetrodont
Maotherium	M. asiaticus^[8]	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A symmetrodont
Meemannodon	M. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Repenomamus	R. giganticus	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont
Repenomamus	R. robustus	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	A gobiconodont, which ate small dinosaurs
Sinobaatar	S. lingyuanensis	Lingyuan	Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds	A multituberculate
Sinodelphys	S. szalayi	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A metatherian
Yanoconodon^[9]	Y. allini^[9]	Fengning^[9]		A eutricondodont
Zhangheotherium	Z. quinquecuspidens	Chaoyang	Jianshangou Bed	A symmetrodont

Pterosaurs

The pterosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and Zhou in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[10]

Genus	Species	Member	Notes	Images
Beipiaopterus	B. chenianus	Jianshangou Bed	A ctenochasmatid	Haopterus Ningchengopterus
Boreopterus	B. cuiae	Jianshangou Bed	A boreopterid
Cathayopterus	C. grabaui	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A ctenochasmatid
Dendrorhynchoides	D. curvidentatus	Jianshangou Bed	An anurognathid
Elanodactylus^[11]	E. prolatus	Jianshangou Bed^[12]	A ctenochasmatid
Eosipterus	E. yangi	Jianshangou Bed	A ctenochasmatid
Feilongus	F. youngi	Jianshangou Bed	A boreopterid
Gegepterus^[13]	G. changae^[12]	Jianshangou Bed^[12]	A ctenochasmatid
Gladocephaloideus^[14]	G. jingangshanensis	Jingangshan Bed	A gallodactylid
Haopterus	H. gracilis	Jianshangou Bed	An ornithocheirid
Moganopterus	M. zhuiana	Lujiatun bed?	A ctenochasmatoid
Ningchengopterus	N. liuae	Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed	A pterodactyloid^[15]
Pterofiltrus	P. qiui	Jianshangou Bed	A ctenochasmatid^[12]
Zhenyuanopterus	Z. longirostris	Jianshangou Bed	A boreopterid^[16]

Misc reptiles

Choristoderans

Genus	Species	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Hyphalosaurus	H. lingyuanensis	Dawangzhangzi Bed			Hyphalosaurus
Hyphalosaurus	H. baitaigouensis	Jingangshan Bed	Thousands of specimens
Monjurosuchus	M. splendens	Dawangzhangzi Bed
Sinohydrosaurus	S. lingyuanensis	Dawangzhangzi Bed		Junior synonym of Hyphalosaurus lingyuanensis

Lizards

Genus	Species	Member	Notes	Images
Dalinghosaurus	D. longidigitus	Jianshangou Bed	A lizard related to shinisaurs	Dalinghosaurus
Liushusaurus	L. acanthocaudata^[17]	Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed	A lizard related to geckos and skinks
Xianglong	X. zhaoi	Dawangzhangzi Bed	A gliding lizard
Yabeinosaurus	Y. tenuis	Dawangzhangzi & Jingangshan Beds	A lizard related to geckos and skinks

Turtles

Genus	Species	Member	Notes	Images
Manchurochelys	M. liaoxiensis^[18]	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Ordosemys liaoxiensis^[19]	Ordosemys
Manchurochelys	M. manchoukuoensis^[20]	Jingangshan Bed
Ordosemys	O. liaoxiensis^[19]	Jianshangou Bed

Ornithischians

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[21]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Bolong	B. yixianensis				An ornithopod	Jinzhousaurus Psittacosaurus
Jeholosaurus	J. shangyuanensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"Skull with associated vertebrae and hindlimb, skull with cervical vertebrae."^[22]	An ornithopod
Jinzhousaurus	J. yangi	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed	"Nearly complete skull and skeleton."^[23]	An ornithopod
Liaoceratops	L. yanzigouensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"[Two] nearly complete skulls, juvenile to adult."^[24]	A ceratopsian
Liaoningosaurus	L. paradoxus	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed	"Partial skull [and] skeleton."^[25]	A small ankylosaur
Psittacosaurus	P. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds	Thousands of specimens in the Lujiatun Bed, somewhat less common in the Jianshangou Bed	A ceratopsian

Saurischians

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[21]

Avialans

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Archaeorhynchus	A. spathula		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An early, advanced short-tailed bird (ornithuran)^[26]	Changchengornis Confuciusornis Eoenantiornis Liaoxiornis Shanweiniao
Bohaiornis^[27]	B. guoi		Jianshangou Bed?	Well-preserved skeleton	An enantiornithine
Changchengornis^[28]	C. hengdaoziensis^[28]		Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skeleton."^[28]	A confuciusornithid
Confuciusornis	C. chuonzhous				Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[20]
	C. dui^[29]		Jianshangou Bed	"[Two] skeletons."^[29]
	C. feducciai^[30]		Jianshangou Bed
	C. sanctus^[29]		Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds	"Hundreds of complete skeletons."^[29]	A primitive short-tailed bird (pygostylian), also present in the Jiufotang Formation
	C. suniae				Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus^[20]
Eoenantiornis	E. buhleri		Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skeleton."^[31]	An entantiornithine
Dalingheornis	D. liweii		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An entantiornithine^[32]
Jeholornis	J. prima				Only definitively present in the Jiufotang Formation, though Jixiangornis orientalis is sometimes synonymized with J. prima.^[33]
Jinzhouornis	J. yixianensis		Jianshangou Bed		A pygostylian, possibly a junior synonym of Confuciusornis^[34]
Jinzhouornis	J. zhangjiyingia		Jianshangou Bed		Possible synonym of J. yixianensis
Jixiangornis	J. orientalis		Jianshangou Bed		A basal avialan, also present in the Jiufotang Formation^[35]
Hongshanornis	H. longicresta	4 specimens^[36]	Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds^[36]		An ornithuromorph^[37]
Jibeinia	J. luahera				Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[38]
Liaoningornis	L. longidigitris		Jianshangou Bed	"Partial skeleton."^[39]	An enantiornithine.^[40]
Liaoxiornis	L. delicatus		Dawangzhangzi Bed		Considered a nomen dubium because the name is based on remains of a hatchling entantiornithine and cannot be confidently matched with the adult form.^[41]
Lingyuanornis	L. parvus		Dawangzhangzi Bed		Junior objective synonym of Liaoxiornis delicatus, a nomen dubium.^[41]
Longicrusavis	L. houi		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An ornithuromorph^[37]
Longirostravis	L. hani		bed unknown		An enantiornithine
Protopteryx	P. fengningensis				Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[38]
Shanweiniao	S. cooperorum		Dawangzhangzi Bed		An entantiornithine, the only one known with a fan tail as in modern birds.^[42]
Vescornis	V. hebeiensis				Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.^[38]
Zhongornis	Z. haoae		Dawangzhangzi Bed		A primitive avialan with a short but non-pygostylian tail^[43]

Deinonychosaurs

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Graciliraptor	G. lujiatunensis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	Rare	A dromaeosaurid	Sinornithosaurus Unnamed dromaeosaurid (NGMC 91)
Mei	M. long	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed		A small troodontid fossilized in a sleeping position
Microraptor	M. gui				From the Jiufotang Formation, erroneously listed as Yixian in Weishampel et al. 2004.^[44]
Sinornithosaurus	S. haoiana	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed		A dromaeosaurid, the first ever found with feather impressions
Sinornithosaurus	S. millenii	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Three specimens with skulls and postcrania, two with preserved feathers.^[44] Feathered integument is also preserved.^[44]^[45]
Sinovenator	S. changii	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	Three specimens with partial skulls and postcrania.^[46]^[47] Hundreds of additional specimens known but undescribed.	A troodontid
Sinucerasaurus	S. magnodens	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed		Junior synonym of Sinusonasus magnodens
Sinusonasus	S. magnodens	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed		A troodontid
Tianyuraptor	T. ostromi	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed		A dromaeosaurid
Undescribed deinonychosaur/possible troodontid			Dawangzhangzi Bed	One specimen with feather imprints	A possible troodontid.^[48]
Undescribed troodontid	Specimen CAGS-IG01-004		Lujiatun Bed	Skull and partial skeleton	A troodontid similar to Mei.^[49]
Unnamed dromaeosaurid	Specimen NGMC 91	Lingyuan	Dawangzhangzi Bed	Complete specimen with feather imprints	Once tentatively referred to both Sinornithosaurus and Cryptovolans, it is probably a new genus closely related to Microraptor.^[50] Informally nicknamed "Dave"

Other theropods

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes	Images
Beipiaosaurus	B. inexpectus	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"Incomplete skeleton with integument."^[51]	A therizinosaur	Beipiaosaurus Caudipteryx Huaxiagnathus Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx
Caudipteryx	C. dongi	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"[One] partial postcranium with feather imprints."^[52]	Oviraptorosaurs
	C. zoui	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Common, only over a small region
	C. sp.^[53]
Dilong	D. paradoxus	Beipiao	Lujiatun & Jianshangou Bed	Rare	A tyrannosauroid
Grallator			lower Jianshangou Bed		Footprints belonging to the Grallator form taxon, belonging to a small theropod. Of known Yixian theropods, the footprints most closely match Caudipteryx.^[54]
Hexing	H. qingyi				A primitive ornithomimosaur^[55]
Huaxiagnathus	H. orientalis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed		A compsognathid
Incisivosaurus	I. gauthieri	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"[One] skull [and a] partial cervical."^[52]	An oviraptorosaur
Ningyuansaurus	N. wangi			Complete skeleton with feather impressions.^[56]	An oviraptorosaur
Protarchaeopteryx	P. robusta	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	"Nearly complete skull and skeleton, at least [two] individuals."^[57]	A possible relative of Incisivosaurus
Raptorex	R. kriegsteini				A tyrannosaurid, probably from higher Mongolian strata.
Scansoriopteryx	S. heilmanni				Initially reported from the Dawangzhangzi Bed, probably from the Daohugou Beds instead.^[58]
Shenzhousaurus	S. orientalis	Beipiao	Lujiatun Bed	"Articulated skull and incomplete skeleton."^[59]	A primitive ornithomimosaur
Similicaudipteryx	S. yixianensis			Two specimens	An oviraptorosaur, also present in the Jiufotang Formation^[60]
Sinocalliopteryx	S. gigas		Jianshangou Bed		A large compsognathid
Sinosauropteryx	S. prima	Beipiao & Lingyuan	Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Four nearly complete specimens^[61]^[62]	The first non-avian dinosaur found with feather impressions, a compsognathid
Sinosauropteryx	S.? sp.		Jianshangou Bed	One specimen (GMV 2124) with partial skull, postcrania, and preserved feathers	An unnamed coelurosaur originally described as a specimen of Sinosauropteryx, later found to be a new genus and species.^[63]
Yixianosaurus	Y. longimanus	Yixian	Dawangzhangzi Bed		A basal maniraptoran
Yutyrannus	Y. huali		Unknown	Three nearly complete skeletons of various ages	A large tyrannosauroid^[64]
Unnamed theropod	Not yet described	Yixian	Lujiatun Bed	Partial post-cranial skeleton^[65]	A possible carnosaur^[66]

Sauropods

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Genus	Species	County	Member	Material	Notes
Dongbeititan	D. dongi	Jianshangou Bed		Partial postcrania^[67]	A basal titanosauriform
cf. Euhelopus	cf. E. sp.		Lujiatun Bed	Isolated teeth^[68]	A basal titanosauriform
Sauropoda spp.			Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds	Isolated vertebrae and teeth^[21]	One or more species of sauropods, possibly titanosaurs, have been recovered from the Yixian Formation, though most remain undescribed^[68]

Invertebrate fauna of the Yixian Formation

The invertebrate species listed below follow a survey by Chen and colleagues published in 2005, unless otherwise noted.^[18]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Arachnids

The arachnid species listed below follow a catalogue compiled by Dunlop, Penney and Jekel in 2010, unless otherwise noted.^[69]

Genus	Species	Notes
?Araneus	A.? aethus	Orb-weaver spiders
	A.? beipiaoensis
	A.? liaoxiensis
	A.? reheensis
Cretaraneus	C. liaoningensis	A nephilid spider
?Gnaphosa	G.? liaoningensis	A ground spider
?Theridion	T.? atalus	A tangle web spider

Beetles (Coleoptera)

Genus	Species	Notes
Anoixis	A. complanus	A desmatin click beetle^[70]
Apoclion	A. antennatus	Desmatin click beetles^[70]
	A. clavatus
	A. dolini
Coptoclava	C. longipoda	A beetle^[71]
Desmatinus	D. cognatus	A desmatin click beetle^[70]
Fortiseode	F. pervalimand	An eodromeine trachypachid beetle^[72]
Glaresis	G. orthochilus	A laresid scarab beetle^[73]
Hydrophilopsia	H. gracilis	Hydrophiloid water scavenger beetles^[74]
	H. hydraenoides
	H. shatrovskiyi
Liaoximordella	L. hongi	A mordellid beetle^[75]
Mirimordella	M. gracilicruralis	A mordellid beetle^[76]
Oxyporus	O. yixianus	An oxyporine rove beetle^[77]
Paradesmatus	P. dilatatus	A desmati click beetle^[70]
Parageotrupes	P. incanus	A Geotrupine scarab beetle^[78]
Sinocupes	S. validus	A beetle^[71]
Sinosperchopsis	S. silinae	A hydrophiloid water scavenger beetle^[74]
Sinoxytelus	S. breviventer	Oxyteline rove beetles^[79]
	S. euglypheus
	S. longisetosus

Crustaceans

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Chenops^[80]	C. oblongus			A notostracans	Chenops yixianensis Chenops oblongus (right) and Jeholops hongi (left)
Chenops^[80]	C. yixianensis			A notostracans
Cricoidoscelosus	C. aethus			A crayfish^[81]
Cypridea	C. (Cypridea) liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed	Ostracods
	C. (C.) sihetunensis		Jianshangou Bed
	C. (C.) veridica arguta		Jingangshan Bed
	C. (C.) sp.		Jianshangou Bed
	C. (Ulwellia) beipiaoensis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed
Damonella	D. formosa		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Darwinula	D. leguminella		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Diestheria	D. jeholensis		Jianshangou Bed	Clam shrimps
	D. yixianensis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
	D.? sp.		Jianshangou Bed
Eosestheria	E. jingangshanensis		Jingangshan Bed	Clam shrimps
	E. lingyuanensis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
	E. aff. middendorfii		Jingangshan Bed
	E. ovata		Jianshangou Bed
	E. sihetunensis		Jianshangou Bed
Eosestheriopsis	E. gujialingensis		Jianshangou Bed	A clam shrimp
Jeholops^[80]	J. hongi			A notostracan
Liaoningogriphus	L. quadripartitus		Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi beds	A shrimp
Lycopterocypris	L. infantilis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Mantelliana	M. sp.		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Mongolianella	M. cf. palmosa		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Palaeocambarus	P. licenti			A crayfish^[81]
Rhinocyrpis	R. jurassica		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
Timiriasevia	T. jianshangouensis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod
?Yanjiestheria	Y.? beipiaoensis	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	A clam shrimp
Yanshania	Y. dabeigouensis		Jianshangou Bed	An ostracod

Dragonflies (Odonata)

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

The dragonfly species listed below follow a review compiled by Zhang, Ren and Panf in 2008, unless otherwise noted.^[82]

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes
Abrohemeroscopus	A. mengi				A dragonfly
Aeschnidium	A. heishankowense				Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense^[83]
Aeschnidium	A. sp.				Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense^[83]
Archaeogomphus	A. labius			Nymphs^[83]	Reclassified as Yixiangomphus labius,^[84] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[83]
Bellabrunetia	B. catherinae				A dragonfly
Chrysogomphus	C. beipiaoensis				A dragonfly
Dissurus	D. liaoyuanensis^[84]			Poorly preserved nymph^[83]	Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa^[83]
Dracontaeschnidium	D. orientale				A dragonfly
Hebeiaeschnidia	H. fengningensis				A dragonfly
Huaxiagomphus	H. taushanensis				A dragonfly^[84]
Liogomphus	L. yixianensis				A dragonfly
Mesocordulia	M. boreala				A corduliid dragonfly^[75]
Palaeogomphus	P. labius				A dragonfly, reclassified as of Yixiangomphus labius,^[84] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[83]
Parapetala	P. liaoningensis				A dragonfly
Pseudosamarura	P. largina^[71]			One specimen, nymph^[83]	Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa^[83]
Rudiaeschna	R. limnobia				An aeshnid dragonfly^[75]
Sinaeschnidia	S. heishankowense		Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds	Adults and nymphs^[83]
	S. cancellosa^[83]				Junior synonym of S. heishankowense^[85]
	S. sp.			Indeterminate nymph specimens^[83]	Some nymph specimens have been given their own genera and species though probably belong so S. heishankowense but too poorly preserved to be certain^[83]
Sinogomphus	S. taoshanensis				A dragonfly
Sinojagoria	S. imperfecta				A dragonfly
Sopholibellula	S. amoena				Dragonflies
Sopholibellula	S. eleganti				Dragonflies
Stylaeschnidium	S. rarum				A dragonfly
Telmaeshna	T. paradoxica	Beipiao			A dragonfly
Yixiangomphus	Y. labius			Nymphs^[83]	Junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa^[83]

Flies (Diptera)

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Alleremonmus	A. xingi	Jianshangou Bed	A brachyceran fly
Atalosciophila	A. yanensis		A mycetophilid gnat^[86]
Chironomaptera	C. gregaria		A phantom midge
Gigantoberis	G. liaoningensis		A soldier fly^[87]
Lichnoplecia	L. kovalevi		A protopleciid fly^[88]
Palaepangonius	P. eupterus		A horse-fly^[75]
Protapiocera	P. megista		An asiloid fly^[75]
Protempis	P. minuta		A brachyceran fly^[75]
Protonemestrius	P. jurassicus		A tangle-veined fly^[75]

Wasps (Hymenoptera)

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes
Abropelecinus	A. annulatus	Beipiao		An iscopinine pelecinid^[89]
Angaridyela	A. robusta		Jianshangou Bed	A sawfly
Azygopelecinus	A. clavatus	Beipiao		An iscopinine pelecinid^[89]
Chengdeserphus	C. petidatus			A proctotrupid wasp^[75]
Cretevania	C. exquisita	Beipiao		Hatchet wasps^[90]
	C. pristine		Jianshangou bed
	C. vesca
Liaotoma	L. linearis			A xyelotomid woodwasp^[75]
Manlaya	M. flexuosus			An aulacid woodwasp^[75]
Procretevania	P. exquisita			Reclassified as Cretevania spp.^[91]
	P. pristine
	P. vesca
Rudisiricius	R. belli			Praesiricid sawflies^[92]
	R. celsus
	R. crassinodus
Scolichneumon	S. rectivenius			An ichneumonoid wasp^[75]
Sinopelecinus	S. viriosus			A pelecinid^[89]
Tanychora	T. exquisita		Jianshangou Bed	An ichneumon wasp

Other insects

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Alloraphidia	A. bliquivenatica^[71]			Snakeflies	Epicharmeropsis, a mayfly
Alloraphidia	A. longistigmasa		Jianshangou Bed	Snakeflies
Archeraphidia	A. shangyuanensis			A snakefly^[71]
Baissopterus	B. liaoningensis			A snakefly^[71]
Caenoephemera	C. shangyuanensis		Jianshangou Bed	A mayfly^[71]
Caloraphidia	C. glossophylla			A snakefly^[75]
Choromyrmeleon	C. othneius			An antlion^[75]
?Ephemeropsis	?E. trisetalis		Jianshangou and Jingangshan beds	A mayfly. Chinese specimens probably represent species of Epicharmeropsis^[93]
Epicharmeropsis	E. hexavenulosus^[93]	Pingquan		Mayflies
Epicharmeropsis	E. quadrivenulosus^[93]	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	Mayflies
Hagiphasma	H. paradoxa		Jianshangou Bed	A stick insect
Ilerdocossus	I. beipiaoensis			Cicadas^[94]
	I. exiguus
	I. fengningensis
	I. hui
	I. pingquanensis
Kalligramma	K. liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed	A lacewing
Karatavoblatta	K. formosa			A cockroach^[71]
Liaoaphidia	L. fornicata			A snakefly^[71]
Liaonemobius	L. tanae			A sword-tail cricket^[75]
Longicellochrysa	L. yixiana			A mesochrysopid lacewing^[95]
Mesascalaphus	M. yangi			An owlfly^[75]
Mesolygaeus	M. laiyangensis			A water bug^[71]
Metabittacus	M. colosseus		Jianshangou Bed
Miracossus	M. ingentius			A cicada^[94]
Nipponoblatta	N. acerba		Jianshangou Bed	A cockroach
Oloberotha	O. sinica			A beaded lacewing^[75]
Sinochresmoda	S. magnicornia			A chresmodid water-skiing insect^[96]
Sinosharaperla	S. zhaoi	Beipiao		A stonefly^[76]
Sinoviparosiphum	S. lini			An aphid^[75]
Sophogramma	S. lii		Jianshangou Bed	A lacewing^[97]
Tetraphelerus	T. laetus			A moth^[71]
Unnamed Vitimotauliidae	Unnamed			A caddisfly pupa, likely belonging to the Vitimotauliidae.^[98]
Unnamed Siphonaptera	Unnamed			A giant, non-jumping flea^[99]

Molluscs

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Amplovalvata	A. sp.	Jianshangou Bed	A gastropod
Arguniella	A. lingyuanensis	Jianshangou Bed	A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang and Fuxin Formations
Arguniella	A. yanshanensis	Jianshangou Bed	A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
Bithynia	B. haizhouensis	Jingangshan Bed	A gastropod
Corbicula	C. anderssoni	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Sphaerium anderssoni
Corbicula	C. jeholense	Jianshangou Bed	Reclassified as Sphaerium jeholense
Gyraulus	G. sp.	Jianshangou Bed	A ramshorn snail
Probaicalia	P. vitimensis	Jianshangou Bed	A gastropod
Ptychastylus	P. harpaeformis	Jianshangou Bed	Gastropods
Ptychastylus	P. cf. phillipi	Jianshangou Bed	Gastropods
Sphaerium	S. anderssoni	Jianshangou Bed	A fingernail clam, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
	S. jeholense		Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
	S. selenginense		Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
?Viviparus	V.? cf. matsumotoi	Jingangshan Bed	A snail

Flora

Conifers

The coniferous trees and shrubs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.^[100]

Genus	Species	Member	Notes
Brachyphyllum			A cypress-like conifer
Cephalotaxopsis			A yew
Cunninghamia			A cypress
Elatides			A cypress
Elatocladus	E. leptophyllus		Conifers of uncertain classification
Elatocladus	E. manchurica^[20]		Conifers of uncertain classification
Liaoningocladus	L. boii	Jingangshan Bed	A conifer of uncertain classification
Pagiophyllum			A cypress-like conifer
Pityocladus			A pine
Pityolepis	P. sp.^[20]		A pine
Pityophyllum	P. cf. lindstroemi^[20]		A pine
Pityostrobus			A pine
Podozamites	P. lanceolatus^[20]		A conifer of uncertain classification
Schizolepis	S. jeholensis^[20]
?Sequoia	S.? jeholensis^[20]
Taxus			A yew
Torreya			A yew
Yanliaoia	Y. sinensis^[20]

Ferns

Genus	Species	Notes
Cladophlebis	C. spp.^[20]
Coniopteris	C. sp.^[20]
Onychiopsis	O. elongata^[20]	Junior synonym of O. psilotoides
Onychiopsis	O. psilotoides^[20]
?Ruffordia	R.? sp.^[20]

Flowering plants

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes	Images
Archaeamphora	A. longicervia		Jianshangou Bed	A pitcher plant, and the earliest known carnivorous plant	Archaefructus
Archaefructus	A. eoflora		Jianshangou Bed	A primitive, aquatic angiosperm
	A. liaoningensis		Jianshangou Bed
	A. sinensisis		Dawangzhangzi Bed
Callianthus	C. dilae^[101]	Liaoning		A plant with true flowers
?Davallia	D.? niehhutzuensis^[20]
Erenia	E. stenoptera^[101]	Liaoning		Actually a specimen of Callianthus
Leefructus	L. mirus^[102]			A eudicot
Liaoxia	L. chenii^[20]
?Potamogeton	P.? jeholensis^[20]
Ranunculus	R. jeholensis^[20]			Junior synonym of Potamogeton jeholensis
Sinocarpus	S. decussatus			A primitive eudicot

Ginkgos

Genus	Species	County	Member	Abundance	Notes	Images
Baiera	B. cf. gracilis^[20]
Baiera	B. orientalis^[20]
Czekanowskia	C. rigida^[20]
Ginkgo	G. apodes^[103]
Ginkgoites	G. sibiricus^[20]
Leptostrobus	L. sp.^[20]
?Nageiopsis	N.? sp.^[20]
Phoenicopsis	P. cf. augustifolia^[20]
Solenites	S. sp.^[20]
Sphenobaiera	S. longifola^[20]

Other plants

Genus	Species	County	Member	Notes
Chaoyangia	C. liangii^[104]			A gnetale gymnosperm
Chaoyangicarpus	C. liangii^[20]			Junior synonym of Chaoyangia liangii
Ephedra	E. sp.			A gymnosperm
Equisetum	E. sp.			A horsetail
Eragrosites	E. changii^[104]			A grass-like gnetale gymnosperm
Siphonospermum	S. simplex^[105]	Beipiao	Jianshangou Bed	A gnetale gymnosperm
Tyrmia	T. sp.^[20]			A cycad

History

Ancient interpretations

Scientific research

People

Natural history museums

References

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External links

Category:Paleontology Category:Geology of China Category:Natural history of China Category:Geography of China Category:Geography of Northeast Asia Category:Paleontology in China

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[Wangetal07-67] Wang, X.; You, H.; Meng, Q.; Gao, C.; Chang, X.; Liu, J. (2007). "Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 81 (6): 911–916. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01013.x.

[titanosaurteeth-68] Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X. (2007). "Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China". Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001.

[dunlopetal2010-69] Dunlop, J.A., Penney, D. and Jekel, D. (2010). "A summary list of fossil spiders." In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html

[huali2010-70] Huali, C.; Kirejtshuk, A.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) From the Jehol Biota in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (6): 866–874. doi:10.1603/AN09076.

[lin&huang2001-71] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Lin, Q.B.; Huang, D.Y. (2001). "Description of Caenophemera shangyuanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation". The Canadian Entomologist. 133 (6): 747–754. doi:10.4039/Ent133747-6.

[jiaetal2010-72] Jia, T., Liang, H., Chang, H. and Ren, D. (2011). "A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)." Zootaxa, 2736: 63–68. pdf link

[baietal2010-73] Bai, M.; Krell, F.T.; Ren, D.; Yang, X. (2010). "A New, Weil-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 676–679. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00229.x.

[prokinetal2010-74] Prokin, A.; Ren, D.; Martin, F. (2010). "New Mesozoic Water Scavenger Beetles from the Yixian Formation in China (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Annales Zoologici. 60 (2): 173–179. doi:10.3161/000345410X516821.

[ren2002-75] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Ren, D. (2002). "Progress in the study of Mesozoic fossil insects during the last decade in China". Acta Entomologica Sinica. 45: 234–240.

[liuetal2007-76] Liu, M.; Lu, W.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new fossil mordellid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 1415: 49–56. Cite error: The named reference "liuetal2007" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[yue2011-77] Yue, Y.; Ren, D.; Solodovnikovb, A. (2011). "The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (4): 2. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.493049.

[nikolajev-78] Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 673–675. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00260.x.

[yuestaphylinids2010-79] Yue, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, D. (2010). "Three new Mesozoic Staphylinids (Coleoptera) from Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 31 (1): 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.005.

[Hegna-80] Hegna, Thomas A.; Dong, REN (2010). "Two New "Notostracans", Chenops gen. nov. and Jeholops gen. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: ?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation, Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 886–894. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00232.x. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)

[shenetal-81] Shen, Y., Schram, F.R. and Taylor, R.S. (2001). "Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota, Liaoning Province, China and its texonomic discrimination." Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(1 ): 26-33.

[zhangrenpang2008-82] Zhang, B. Ren; Pang, H. (2008). "Telmaeshna paradoxica gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China". Zootaxa. 1681: 62–68.

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[fleck-85] Fleck, G.; Nel, A. (2003). "Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Zoologica. 153: 1–170.

[zhang2007-86] Zhang, J. (2007). "New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 297–301. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.007.

[huang&lin2007soldier-87] Huang, D.; Lin, Q. (2007). "A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 317–321. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.006.

[zhangflies2007-88] Zhang, J. (2007). "New Mesozoic Protopleciidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 289–296. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.009.

[fengetal2011-89] Feng, H.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Liu, C. (2011). "New male pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning (China)". Geologica Carpathica. 61 (6): 463–468. doi:10.2478/v10096-010-0028-x.

[zhangwasps2007-90] Zhang, H.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Y. (2007). "Some hatchet wasps (Hymenoptera, Evaniidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 310–316. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.003.

[Peñalver-91] Enrique Peñalver, Jaime Ortega-Blanco, André Nel, Xavier Delclòs (2010). "Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 809–827. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00257.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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Formations

Palaeobiota

Fauna

Amphibians

Fish

Mammals

Pterosaurs

Misc reptiles

Choristoderans

Lizards

Turtles

Ornithischians

Saurischians

Avialans

Deinonychosaurs

Other theropods

Sauropods

Invertebrate fauna of the Yixian Formation

Arachnids

Beetles (Coleoptera)

Crustaceans

Dragonflies (Odonata)

Flies (Diptera)

Wasps (Hymenoptera)

Other insects

Molluscs

Flora

Conifers

Ferns

Flowering plants

Ginkgos

Other plants

History

Ancient interpretations

Scientific research

People

Natural history museums

See also

References

External links