User:Tintero21/Roman emperors

N.	Portrait	Coin	Name	Reign	Death
(1) Julio-Claudian dynasty				95 years, 5 months
1			Caesar Augustus "Octavianus" 27 BC–AD 14	40 years, 7 months and 3 days	Natural
2			Tiberius I AD 14–37	22 years, 5 months and 27 days	Natural
3			Gaius "Caligula" AD 37–41	3 years, 10 months and 6 days	Murder
4			Claudius I AD 41–54	13 years, 8 months and 19 days	Murder
5			Nero AD 54–68	13 years, 7 months and 27 days	Suicide
(2) Year of the Four Emperors
6			Galba AD 68–69	0 years, 7 months and 7 days	Murder
7			Otho AD 69	0 years, 3 months and 1 day (91 days)	Suicide
8			Vitellius AD 69	0 years, 8 months and 1 day	Murder
(3) Flavian dynasty				27 years, 2 months
9			Vespasian 69–79	9 years, 11 months and 22 days	Natural
10			Titus (Vespasian II) 79–81	2 years, 2 months and 20 days	Natural
11			Domitian 81–96	15 years, 0 months and 4 days	Murder
(4) Nerva–Antonine dynasty				96 years, 3 months
12			Nerva 96–98	1 year, 4 months and 9 days	Natural
13			Trajan "the Best" 98–117	19 years, 6 months and 14 days	Natural
14			Hadrian 117–138	20 years, 11 months	Natural
15			Antoninus I "Pius" 138–161	22 years, 8 months	Natural
16			Lucius Aurelius 161–169	7 years, 11 months	Natural
17			Marcus Aurelius "the Philosopher" 161–180	19 years, 0 months and 10 days	Natural
18			Commodus 180–192	16 years, 1 month and 4 days	Murder
(5) Year of the Five Emperors
19			Pertinax 193	0 years, 2 months and 27 days (87 days)	Murder
20			Julian I (Didius) 193	0 years, 2 months and 4 days (66 days)	Murder
(6) Severan dynasty				43 years
21			Severus I (Septimius) 193–211	17 years, 10 months	Natural
22			Geta 211	0 years, 8 months, 20 days (?)	Murder
23			Antoninus II "Caracalla" 211–217	6 years, 0 months, 4 days	Murder
24			Macrinus 217–218	1 year, 2 months	Murder
			Diadumenian 218	0 years, 1 month (?)
25			Antoninus III "Elagabalus" 218–222	3 years, 10 months	Murder
26			Alexander I (Severus) 222–235	13 years, 0 months and 9 days	Murder
(7) Crisis of the Third Century				50 years
27			Maximinus I "Thrax" 235–238	3 years, 3 months	Murder
28 29			Gordian I & Gordian II 238	0 years, 0 months, 22 days	Suicide Murder
30 31			Pupienus & Balbinus 238	0 years, 3 months and 9 days (99 days)	Murder Murder
32			Gordian III 238–244	5 years, 6 months	Murder
33			Philip I "the Arab" 244–249	5 years, 7 months (?)	Murder
			Philip II 247–249	2 years, 2 months (?)
34			Decius 249–251	1 year, 8 months (?)	Murder (foreign)
			Etruscus 251	0 years, 1 month (?)
			Hostilian 251	0 years, 1 month (?)
35 36			Gallus & Volusianus 251–253	3 years (*)	Murder Murder
37			Aemilianus 253	0 years, 2–3 months	Murder
38			Valerianus 253–260	7 years	Murder (foreign)
39			Gallienus 253–268	15 years	Murder
			Saloninus 260	0 years, 1 month (?)
40			Claudius II "Gothicus" 268–270	1 year, 7 months (?)	Natural
41			Quintillus 270	0 years, 1–2 months (27–77 days)	Suicide
42			Aurelian "the Restorer" 270–275	5 years, 5 months (?)	Murder
43			Tacitus 275–276	0 years, 7 months (?)	Murder
44			Florianus 276	0 years, 2 months and 25 days (?) (80–88 days)	Murder
45			Probus 276–282	6 years, 3 months (?)	Murder
46			Carus 282–283	0 years, 10 months (?)	Murder (foreign)
47			Numerian 283–284	1 year, 3 months (?)	Murder
48			Carinus 283–285	2 years	Murder
(8) Tetrarchy				38 years
49			Diocletian "Jovius" 284–305 (East)	20 years, 5 months and 11 days	Resign
50			Maximian "Herculius" 286–305 (West)	19 years, 1 month	Murder?
51			Galerius (Maximian II) 305–311 (East)	6 years (...)	Murder
52			Constantius I "Chlorus" 305–306 (West)	1 year, 2 months and 24 days	Natural
53			Severus II (Valerius) 306–307 (West)	0 years, 8 months (...)	Murder
54			Maxentius 306–312 (West)	6 years	Murder
55			Licinius 308–313 (West) 313–324 (East)	15 years, 10 months and 8 days	Murder
56			Maximinus II "Daza" 310–313 (East)	3 years (...)	Murder
57			Valens I (Valerius) 316–317 (West)	0 years, 2–3 months	Murder
58			Martinianus 324 (West)	0 years, 2 months (...)	Murder
(9) Constantinian dynasty				57 years
59			Constantine I "the Great" 306 (324) – 337	30 years, 10 months	Natural
60			Constantine II 337–340	2 years, 7 months	Murder
61			Constans I 337–350	12 years, 4 months, 9 days	Murder
62			Magnentius 350–353	3 years, 7 months	Suicide
63			Nepotianus 350	0 years, 0 months, 27 days	Murder
64			Vetranio 350	0 years, 9 months, 24 days	Spared
65			Constantius II 337 (353) – 361	24 years, 2 months	Natural
66			Julian II "the Apostate" 361–363	1 year, 7 months and 24 days	Murder (foreign)
67			Jovian 363–364	0 years, 7 months and 21 days	Accident
(10) Valento–Theodosian dynasty				93 years
68			Valentinian I 364–375	11 years, 8 months and 23 days	Natural
69			Valens II 364–378 (East)	14 years, 4 months and 12 days	Murder (foreign)
70			Procopius 365–366 (West)	0 years, 8 months	Murder
71			Gratian 375–383 (West)	7 years, 9 months, 8 days	Murder
72			Maximus I (Magnus) 383–388 (West)	5 years, 0 months and 3 days	Murder
			Victor 385–388 (West)	3 years (?)
73			Valentinian II 388–392 (West)	3 years, 6 months, 16 days	Murder?
74			Eugenius 392–394 (West)	2 years, 0 months, 15 days	Murder
75			Theodosius I "the Great" 379 (394) – 395	16 years	Natural
76			Arcadius 395–408 (East)	13 years, 3 months and 14 days	Natural
77			Honorius 395–423 (West)	28 years, 7 months	Natural
78			Constantine (III) (Claudius) 407–411 (West)	4 years	Murder
			Constans (II) 409–411 (West)	2 years
79			Theodosius II 408–450 (East)	42 years, 2 months and 27 days	Natural
80			Attalus 409–410 (West)	1 year (?)	Murder
81			Constantius III 421 (West)	0 years, 6 months and 25 days	Natural
82			John (0) 423–425 (West)	1 year (...)	Murder
83			Valentinian III 425–455 (West)	29 years, 4 months and 21 days	Murder
84			Marcian 450–457 (East)	6 years, 5 months and 2 days	Natural
85			Maximus II (Petronius) 455 (West)	0 years, 2 months and 14 days (75 days)	Murder
86			Avitus 455–456 (West)	1 year, 3 months and 8 days	Spared
(11) Leonid dynasty & Fall of the West				61 years, 5 months
87			Leo I "the Butcher" 457–474 (East)	16 years, 11 months and 11 days	Natural
88			Majorian 457–461 (West)	3 years, 7 months and 10 days	Murder
89			Severus III (Libius) 461–465 (West)	4 years	Natural
90			Anthemius 467–472 (West)	5 years, 3 months	Murder
91			Olybrius 472 (W)	0 years, 3 months and 22 days (111 days)	Natural
92			Glycerius 473–474 (W)	1 year, 3 months, 22 days	Spared
93			Nepos 474–475 (480)(W)	1 year, 2 months and 4 days (*)	Murder
94			Leo II "the Little" 474 (East)	0 years, 11 months	Natural
95			Zeno "the Isaurian" 474–491 (East)	17 years, 2 months and 11 days	Natural
96			Basiliscus 475–476 (East)	1 year, 7 months	Murder
			Marcus 475–476 (East)	1 year, 7 months
97			Romulus "Augustulus" 475–476 (W)	0 years, 10 months, 4 days	Spared
98			Anastasius I "Dicorus" 491–518 (E)	27 years, 3 months	Natural
(12) Justinian dynasty				84 years, 5 months
99			Justin I 518–527	9 years, 0 months, 23 days	Natural
100			Justinian I "the Great" 527–565	38 years, 7 months and 13 days	Natural
101			Justin II "Byzancius" 565–578	12 years, 10 months and 21 days	Natural
102			Tiberius II (Constantine) 578–582	3 years, 10 months and 19 days	Natural
103			Maurice 582–602	20 years, 3 months and 14 days	Murder
			Theodosius 590–602	12 years, 8 months, 1 day
104			Phocas "the Tyrant" 602–610	7 years, 10 months and 12 days	Murder
(13) Heraclian dynasty				91 years
105			Heraclius I 610–641	30 years, 4 months and 6 days	Natural
106			Constantine III (Heraclius) 641	0 years, 3 months and 14 days (103 days)	Natural
107			Heraclius II "Heraclonas" 641	5 months, 0 months and 11 days	Spared
			Constantine (David)	0 years, 1 month (?)
108			Constans II "the Bearded" 641–668	26 years, 8 months	Murder
109			Constantine IV "the Young" 668–685	16 years, 10 months	Natural
			Heraclius (III) & Tiberius 659–681	22 years
110			Justinian II "the Slit-nosed" 685–95, 705–11	16 years (*)	Murder
			Tiberius (IV) 706–711	5 years
(14) Twenty Years' Anarchy				22 years
111			Leontius 695–698	3 years	Murder
112			Tiberius III (Apsimarus) 698–705	7 years	Murder
113			Philippicus (Bardanes) 711–713	1 year, 8 months	Murder
114			Anastasius II (Artemius) 713–715	1 year, 6 months (?)	Murder
115			Theodosius III 715–717	1 year, 6 months (?)	Spared
(15) Isaurian dynasty				85 years, 7 months
116			Leo III "the Isaurian" 717–741	24 years, 2 months and 24 days	Natural
117			Constantine V "the Shit-named" 741–775	34 years, 2 months and 27 days	Natural
118			Artabasdos 741–742	1 year, 4–5 months (?)	Spared
			Nikephoros (0) 741–742	1 year, 5 months (?)
119			Leo IV "the Khazar" 775–780	4 years, 11 months and 25 days	Natural
120			Constantine VI "the Blinded" 780–797	16 years, 11 months and 11 day	Spared
121			Irene "the Athenian" 797–802	5 years, 2 months and 12 days	Spared
(16) Nikephorian dynasty				11 years, 2 months
122			Nikephoros I "the Logothete" 802–811	8 years, 8 months and 26 days	Murder (foreign)
123			Staurakios 811	0 years, 2 months and 4 days (66 days)	Resign
124			Michael I (Rangabe) 811–813	1 year, 9 months and 9 days	Resign
			Theophylactos & Staurakios (II) 811–813	1 year, 7 months
125			Leo V "the Armenian" 813–820	7 years, 5 months and 14 days	Murder
			Constantine (Symbatios) 813–820	7 years
(17) Amorian dynasty				47 years
126			Michael II "the Amorian" 820–829	8 years, 9 months and 7 days	Natural
127			Theophilos 829–842	12 years, 3 months and 18 days	Natural
			Constantine 835?	1 year (?)
128			Michael III "the Drunkard" 842–867	25 years, 8 months and 4 days	Murder
(18) Macedonian dynasty				189 years
129			Basil I "the Macedonian" 867–886	18 years, 9 months and 5 days	Accident
			Constantine 868–679	11 years
130			Leo VI "the Wise" 886–912	25 years, 8 months and 12 days	Natural
131			Alexander II 912–913	1 year, 0 months, 27 days	Natural
132			Constantine VII "the Purple-Born" 913–959	46 years, 5 months and 3 days	Natural
133			Romanos I (Lekapenos) 920–944	24 years, 0 months and 3 days	Spared
			Christopher 921–931	10 years, 3 months
			Stephen & Constantine 924–945	10 years, 1 month, 2 days
134			Romanos II "the Purple-born" 959–963	3 years, 4 months and 6 days	Natural
135			Nikephoros II (Phocas) 963–969	6 years, 3 months and 25 days	Murder
136			John I "the Red-booted" 969–976	7 years	Murder
137			Basil II "the Bulgar-slayer" 976–1025	49 years, 11 months and 5 days	Natural
138			Constantine VIII 1025–1028	2 years, 11 months	Natural
139			Romanos III (Argyros) 1028–1034	5 years, 5 months	Murder
140			Michael IV "the Paphlagonian" 1034–1041	7 years, 8 months	Natural
141			Michael V "the Caulker" 1041–1042	4 months, 0 months and 8 days	Spared
142			Zoe "the Purple-born" 1042–1050	8 years (...)	Natural
143			Theodora "the Purple-born" 1042–1056	14 years, 4 months and 10 days	Natural
144			Constantine IX (Monomachos) 1042–1055	12 years, 7 months	Natural
145			Michael VI "the Bellicose" 1056–1057	1 year, 0 months and 8 days	Spared
146			Isaac I (Komnenos) 1057–1059	2 years, 2 months and 21 days	Spared
(19) Doukas–Komnenos–Angelos dynasty				144 years, 2 months
147			Constantine X (Doukas) 1059–1067	7 years, 6 months	Natural
148			Romanos IV (Diogenes) 1067–1071	3 years, 9 months	Murder
			Nikephoros & Leo Diogenes	2 years (?)
149			Michael VII "Minus-a-quarter" 1071–1078	6 years, 6 months	Spared
			Constantius (IV) & Andronikos	8 years (?)
150			Nikephoros III (Botaneiates) 1078–1081	3 years	Spared
151			Alexios I (Komnenos) 1081–1118	37 years, 4 months and 14 days	Natural
			Constantine 1081–1087	7 years
152			John II "the Good" 1118–1143	24 years, 7 months and 24 days	Accident
			Alexios 1122–1142	20 years
153			Manuel I "the Great" 1143–1180	37 years, 5 months and 16 days	Natural
154			Alexios II 1180–1183	3 years	Murder
155			Andronikos I "the Sun-hater" 1183–1185	2 years	Murder
			John Komnenos	2 years
156			Isaac II (Angelos) 1185–1195	9 years, 6 months and 27 days	Natural?
157			Alexios III 1195–1203	8 years, 3 months and 10 days	Spared
158			Alexios IV 1203–1204	0 years, 6 months and 8 days	Murder
159			Alexios V "the Shady" 1204	0 years, 2 months and 16 days (76 days)	Murder
(20) Doukas–Angelos–Komnenos–Palaiologos dynasty				192 years, 4 months, 14 days
160			Michael VIII 1261–1282	21 years, 3 months, 26 days	Natural
161			Andronikos II 1282–1328	45 years, 5 months and 13 days	Spared
162			Michael IX 1294–1320	26 years, 4 months and 21 days	Natural
163			Andronikos III 1328–1341	13 years, 0 months and 22 days	Natural
164			John V 1341–1391	49 years, 8 months and 1 day	Natural
165			John VI 1347–1354	7 years, 10 months	Spared
			Matthew 1353–1357	4 years
166			Andronikos IV 1376–1379	2 years, 10 months and 19 days	Spared
167			John VII 1390	0 years, 5 months and 3 days	Natural
			Andronikos V 1403–1407	4 years
168			Manuel II 1391–1425	34 years, 4 months and 5 days	Natural
169			John VIII 1425–1448	23 years, 4 months and 10 days	Natural
170			Constantine XI "the Marble Emperor" 1449–1453	4 years, 4 months and 23 days	Murder (foreign)

Data results

• ---

  • Emperors who where killed: 85 ––– 50 %
    • Killed by their own hands: 5 ––– (2.94 %)
  • Emperors who resigned: 3 ––– 1.76 %
  • Emperors who had bad luck: 3 ––– 1.76 %
  • Emperors who where spared: 19 ––– 11.18 %
  • Emperors who died of natural deaths: 60 ––– 35.30 %

  Between the years 1 and 565 there where 100 emperors; 65 of them had unnatural causes. This means that the old "classical" Empire (up until 480) had more emperors than the Byzantines, even though the Eastern Empire lived almost twice longer. Up to the year 300 there where 50 emperors; only 12 of them had natural deaths. That said, most of the short-lived (and murdered) emperors ruled during the Crisis or Tetrarchy periods, which makes sense. Most emperors seem to have reigned about 5 years, certainly less than 10, though it's hard to say for sure. Only 31 of them (18.24%) ruled over 20 years (and only 10 if you stop counting after 476; of which only 3 ruled over 30!)