User talk:Gaurav4291/CA2018

MAR2018

27Mar2018
Living will	1. Common cause vs Union of India case 2. The judgement held that the advance directives (living will) will have legal recognition in India. 3. The judges held that all adults of sound mind has the right to die with dignity (traceable to right to life - A21). And cannot be compelled to take life saving treatment against there will. 4. This means a person can give an advance directive (living will) that in certain conditions all the life saving treatment can be removed. 5. The court recognises that the Right to Life(A21) encompassed the Right to die with dignity and right to refuse treatment even when the treatment is life saving. 6. In the Gian kaur vs State of Punjab case, the court only observed that the Right to die is an aspect of Right to life but did not go into the specifics of removing the life saving treatment at the terminal stage of an illness. 7. In the K S Puttaswamy vs Union of India case, the right to bodily autonomy was held as the core element of the Right to privacy under the constitution. From this , Right to refuse treatment was extrapolated from the Right to bodily autonomy.
28Mar2018
Education-RUSA	1. Education is a subject in concurrent list. 2. There are approx. 800 universities in India. Out of which 150 are central universities. 3. Over 94% of higher education students study in state universities. 4. Budget allocation to higher education has increased, but there is a glaring imbalance between the distribution between state and central universities. 5. The state universities get less funds from the central govt. and the things are made worse by the neglect of the state govt. 6. MHRD - started RUSA(Rashtriya ucchatar shiksha abhiyan) to address these concerns. "RUSA" 1. It focuses on conditional disbursement of funds to universities based on reforms in the area of governance, infrastructure. 2. Since, funding is linked to performance. It is critical to have a performance tracking and funds tracking system in place. 3. Reform is the core of RUSA. Reform in the governance. SHEC (State higher education councils) are formed having eminent academicians, industrialists and other experts to guide the state in the formulation of short and long term plan for the higher education in the state. 4. State has to search and select committee for the appointment to vice-chancellor post. 5. Reducing the number of affiliated colleges to a single university. 6. Making institutions autonomous. 7. Filling vacancies in the faculty. 8. Transparency in recruitment of professors. 9. Since the formation of RUSA - Faculty vacancies have reduced, enrollment ratio has increased, critical reforms have been taken. 10. The result in the future will depend on the impartiality shown by the MHRD and also the independence or less interference by state govt. in the functioning of SHEC.
29Mar2018
Women	1. Comparing India and Vietnam -obsession for male child 2. Vietnam`s per capita GDP is similar to India, but Vietnam is ahead in the quality of life that is visible through a number of indicators 3. Vietnam has the one of the highest female labour force participation rates in Asia 4. Vietnam fares better than India in parameters like - spending on education, health (as a percentage of GDP), people below poverty line, infant mortality rate, access to basic sanitation. Maternal mortality ratio, life expectancy of women, domestic violence cases against women, literacy rates of women, seats in parliament - in all these parameters Vietnam fares better than India. 5. But, when sex ratio is compared for both the nations is compared it comes very similar. 6. For countries who do not actively prevent birth of girl child -sex ratio at birth hovers between 106-108. Anything above this ratio shows prevalence of selective abortion. 7. This shows the continuing obsession of male child in the parts of Asia. Even with higher education levels and better economic growth - obsession with male child may exist. 8. Some dilution to this obsession of male child can be brought about with more practical policies. 9. The dependence on male child or girl child has to be reduced, the ability to do with neither has to be increased. Better access to old age security, health facilities, etc. Stricter adherence to laws in the case of sex determination and selective abortion. Equal rights in the inheritance of property. 10. These cultural changes are needed to enhance the status of women in our society and these cultural changes should be supported with better education, economic and health care opportunities.