Battle of Jalwakhir
| Battle of Jalwakhir | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Samma dynasty Lasharis Bhattis of Thatta Chandia Kalmati[1] |
 Arghun dynasty Rinds | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Jam Nizamuddin II Dollah Darya Khan Bahadur Khan Sarang Khan |
Zu'n-Nun Beg Shah Beg Arghun Muhammad Beg Arghun † | ||||||
  Location within Pakistan | |||||||
The Battle of Jalwakhir (natively, Jalūkīr ; جلوڪير جي جنگ) also known as Joolow Geer, was a battle held at the south of present-day-Quetta, fought in 1486 CE/892 AH between Samma Khan-i-Azam Jam Mubarak Khan alias Darya Khan and the invading Mongol forces under Shah Beg Arghun son of Zu'n-Nun Beg Arghun, governor of Kandahar, Farah, Zamindawar, and Ghor, on behalf of Sultan Hussain Bayqara. Shah Beg had earlier captured Siwi, Ganjabah, and Fatehpur by defeating Samma forces under Jam Nizamudin II's Gumashta (Governor/Officer), Bahadur Khan, in 1486 CE/892 AH. This victory was even celebrated by the Herat Court, and Abu Muhammad Mirza (Yaar Muhammad), the brother of Shah Beg Arghun, was appointed in charge of the fort of Siwi. Henceforth Jam Nizamuddin II sent a Retaliatory Force which contested Victory.[2][3][4][5]
Background
[edit]The great Arghun chief Zu'n-Nun Beg, who, towards the end of the fifteenth century, was appointed by Sultan Hussayn Mirza of Herat to the Governorship of Qandahar, finding the territory under his control insufficient to satisfy his needs and his ambition, proceeded to enlarge his borders. in an easterly direction, and crossing the Amran range, annexed Punishing, Shal (Quetta), and Mastung. His sons, Shah Beg and Muhammed Beg, next descended the Bolan Pass, and added Siwi (or Sibi) to their father’s possessions. But Siwi was in Jam Nanda's territory, and that prince dispatched a strong force under Darya Khan, who seems now to have received the title of Mubarak Khan, to expel the intruders.
At that time, the King Babar moved from Samarkand to Kabul. Out of his fear, the Shah Beg Arghun attacked to Sindh through his brother Mirza Sultan Ahmed who looted the forts of Chandka, Mandeja and Machi's.[6]
Battle
[edit]Mubarak Khan came upon the Arghuns at Jalugir, a place in the Bolan Pass, near Bibi Nani, inflicted a crushing defeat on them, and killed their leader, Muhammad Beg. This was the last display of real vigour by a Samma prince. It sufficed for the time, and the Afghans, hardy and tried soldiers as they were, ventured no more into Sindh during Jam Nanda's reign. The defeat of the Arghuns at Jalwakhir took place about in 1486.[6]
Aftermath
[edit]Upon learning of the loss, Sultan Nizamudin II sent an army under his Madar-ul-Muham and Khan-i-Azam Jam Mubarak Khan, accompanied by Mubarak's brother Sarang Khan,The two armies clashed at Jalwakhir, not far from the site of Bibi Nani in Bolan Pass. at the point of village Haleokar, where the brother of Shah Arghun was killed and his rest of forces fled to the Kandahar resulting in Arghun Defeat. It was not any ordinary success. The forces from Afghanistan had an edge and thrill mixed with fear upon the people and places all over from Sindh to Hindustan. After facing such a humiliating defeat, Arghuns never turned again to Sindh in Jam Nizamuddin's rule, which was the most glaring success Jam Darya Khan's bravery and statesmanship.[6]
Darya Khan have defeated the strong Arghun forces at Sibi, and the event must have been a fond subject of folk assembles throughout the country when Darya Khan returned victorious marching all the way from Sibi to Thatta. The men high up knew Darya Khan as a great public figure and that is what was recorded of him in history.[7]
References
[edit]- ^ Pakistan Archaeology. The Department. 1991.
- ^ Baluch, Muhammad Sardar Khan (1977). History of Baluch Race and Baluchistan. Gosha-e-Adab.
- ^ Islam, A. S.; Abbas, Shaukat (1967). Souvenir to Mark the Occasion of 18th and 19th Combined Session of All Pakistan Science Conference, 21st to 26th February 1967, Under the Auspices of Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science. Local Organising Committee, University of Sind.
- ^ Rashid, Salman (1992). Riders on the Wind: Travels Through Pakistan. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
- ^ Balocu, Nabī Bak̲h̲shu K̲h̲ānu (2002). Sindh, Studies Historical. Pakistan Study Centre, University of Sindh. ISBN 978-969-8135-13-3.
- ^ a b c The Forgotten Hero of Sindh Duleh Darya Khan. MIJTB, Muhammad Ibrahim Joyo Translation Bureau Culture Department, Government of Sindh. 2021. ISBN 978-969-1-80067-0.
- ^ No title available (in Sindhi).