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Automotive industry in Mexico

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Cars in Mexico)

Motorcars first arrived in Mexico City in 1903. Since then, several vehicle brands have been especially successful. A number of manufacturers make vehicles in Mexico, and many brands have been and continue to be available.

History

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Early years (1903–1960)

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In 1903, motorcars first arrived in Mexico City, totaling 136 cars in that year and rising to 800 by 1906. This encouraged then president Porfirio Díaz, to create both the first Mexican highway code (which would allow cars to move at a maximum speed of 10 km/h or 6 mph on crowded or small streets and 40 km/h or 25 mph elsewhere) and, along with this, a tax for car owners which would be abolished in 1911 with Francisco I. Madero's successful campaign against Díaz's presidency at the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. In 1910, Daimler and Renault both established small facilities for the local assembly of vehicles primarily for the Mexican government at the behest of Porfirio Díaz, but these functioned for little more than a few months before being destroyed in the Mexican Revolution. A short time after the end of the armed struggle, Buick became the first automobile producer to be officially established in Mexico, beginning in 1921. In 1925, Ford Motor Company was established and began manufacturing vehicles in the country, and, as of 2020, remains the longest-running brand in the country. In 1961, Mexico produced its first fully domestic vehicle, a small truck called the Rural Ramírez, produced by the Ramirez truck company.

Decline (1961–1993)

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Many car makers were already operational by 1961 when the first decline of the Mexican economy showed up. In the early 1960s, government regulations forced car companies to assemble cars in Mexico, using local as well as imported components. The idea was to develop a national car industry in the country, to promote employment and technological advances. Those companies that would not comply with these regulations left the country; these included Mercedes-Benz, FIAT, Citroën, Peugeot and Volvo. The American Big Three (General Motors, Ford and Chrysler) remained along with American Motors, Renault, Volkswagen, Datsun and Borgward.

In this same year, due to the announcement of the upcoming 1968 Summer Olympics to be held in Mexico, the Government reissued Diaz's car ownership tax, purportedly to afford the construction of new facilities for such an event; this was named the Tenencia Vehicular (from the verb tener; "to have" in Spanish). However, the tax remained to finance the 1970 FIFA World Cup, also held in Mexico. Ironically, the tax remains today in most states, and it must be paid year after year. This tax is variable depending on the car's value, number of cylinders, type of transmission, air conditioning and further features, adding up to a payment of up to 10% of the car's total value.

A second tax exists as well when purchasing a new vehicle called Impuesto sobre Automóviles Nuevos or ISAN ("Tax on new cars"), also depending on a vehicle's specifications and cost. Unlike the Tenencia, this tax is paid only once. Federal law requires all listed car prices in media or dealerships to have the standard 16% VAT tax and ISAN included in the listed price.

Since many Mexican drivers default on paying this[which?] tax, the Government started taking countermeasures. However, due to this being perceived as uncontrollable, politicians started making proposals to abolish this tax, remarkably Felipe Calderón. Tenencia has, as of 2011, only been abolished in Querétaro. On 4 March 2011, President Calderón announced Tenencia will be completely abolished by 2012 in all states, but not in the Federal District which comprises most of Mexico City.

Rebirth (1994–2006)

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The growth of Mexico's economy during the late '90s stimulated car sales in Mexico and, eventually, most of the retired carmakers re-established themselves in the country. Makers such as Honda and Porsche arrived for the first time during the last years of the 20th Century, and others such as Peugeot and Mercedes-Benz gave Mexico a "second chance", both re-establishing in 1997.

Annual passenger vehicle sales in Mexico reached the one million milestone in 2005. The increasing sales figures encouraged carmakers to offer cars with alternative fuels like the Honda Civic Hybrid and the Volkswagen Jetta TDI. Such cars hadn't been available in Mexico since the first diesel-powered Volkswagen Caribe in the late 70's and early 80's (see paragraphs for each maker: Honda and Volkswagen); still few carmakers have released their diesel-powered versions in the Mexican market due to stricter government emissions laws than those of the European Union Euro IV standard. This results in a petrol only car market in which drivers cannot reap the potential benefits of diesel automobiles. Diesel cars are not suited/permitted for every day driving in Mexico City; brand new diesel vehicles face the "Hoy no Circula" restrictions.

Mastretta-MXT-lg

Current market (2007–present)

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Main article: Mastretta MXT

Mexican studio Mastretta Cars first announced the creation of their MXT through Automóvil Panamericano magazine in May 2007. The vehicle is the first Mexican sports car ever built, and features specifications similar to those of Lotus Elise and Porsche Cayman. The production of MXT started in January 2011.

In 2010, Mexican bus maker Cimex announced that it was expanding into the passenger vehicle field and was developing a pickup truck called the Conin which would be Mexico's first domestic pickup truck when expected to enter production in 2013.[1]

To date, 42 makers have official representation in the country with nearly 400 different models, making Mexico one of the most varied automotive markets in the world.

The automotive sector accounts for 17.6% of Mexico's manufacturing sector.[2] Mexico is the second largest automobile manufacturing nation in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States, having produced 4 million vehicles in 2017.[3] The industry produces technologically complex components and engages in research and development.[4] The "Big Three" (General Motors, Ford and Chrysler) have been operating in Mexico since the 1930s, while Volkswagen and Nissan built their plants in the 1960s.[5] In Puebla alone, 70 industrial part-makers cluster around Volkswagen.[4] In the 2010s, expansion of the sector was surging. In 2014, more than $10 billion in investment was committed in the first few months of the year. Kia Motors in August 2014 announced plans for a $1 billion factory in Nuevo León. At the time, Mercedes-Benz and Nissan were already building a $1.4 billion plant near Aguascalientes, while BMW was planning a $1-billion assembly plant in San Luis Potosí. Additionally, Audi began building a $1.3 billion factory near Puebla in 2013.[6] Of the Mexican car exports to the US, most are carried by rail, and some by sea.[7]

Vehicle use restrictions

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In Mexico City the "Hoy no circula" ("Cannot be driven today") program is implemented. Every vehicle has a color sticker depending on the ending number of its plate, as well as a number to determine its pollution rate. Brand new cars "00" and recent models "0" are exempt; "Hoy no circula" only applies to vehicles older than 8 years, which have "1" and "2" designations. The program works by removing these vehicles from circulation one day during the week, and recently one Saturday per month, depending on their last license plate digit number. Said limitations occur as follows:

  • Plates ending with 5 or 6 (yellow) cannot be driven on Mondays and the 1st Saturday of the current month.
  • Plates ending with 7 or 8 (pink) cannot be driven on Tuesdays and the 2nd Saturday of the current month.
  • Plates ending with 3 or 4 (red) cannot be driven on Wednesdays and the 3rd Saturday of the current month.
  • Plates ending with 1 or 2 (green) cannot be driven on Thursdays and the 4th Saturday of the current month.
  • Plates ending with 9 or 0 (blue) cannot be driven on Fridays and the 5th Saturday (if any) of the current month.

For example, a fictional 1985 Volkswagen Golf with 903-NRX plates won't be allowed to be driven on Wednesdays, 18 September 2010, nor 16 October 2010, etc. The newer weekends restrictions have received criticism. Only a few months a year have five Saturdays, and so the blue-stickered cars will be removed only four or five weekends a year from circulation, while the rest of the cars will be weekend-banned once every month.

Automotive culture and Mexico's auto show

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Main article: Salón Internacional del Automóvil México

Since the first "Autoexpo del Automóvil", the automotive culture in Mexico has been growing. The first Mexican auto magazines were published in November 1982 by Motor y Volante magazine, which became famous instantly for its irreverent criticism and professional performance testing of local versions of many cars. After more than 10 years of being the sole specialty magazine, other publishers decided to jump on the bandwagon; in early 1995, 4 Ruedas Magazine, and shortly after, Automóvil Panamericano saw light. Technological advances have resulted in Motor y Volante remaining the sole digital auto magazine (by subscription only) but with an extremely large affiliation due to its 30 years of existence. The Autoexpo changed denomination in 2004 to the "Salón Internacional del Automovil" to reflect its growth into an international size event. It is in fact an event comparable to the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. In the first two editions of Mexico's Auto Show, brands new to Mexico, like Mazda, were introduced. Jaguar and Volvo did not attend the 2004 or the 2005 editions. Renault would typically attend every two years. However, the 2006 edition of the auto show was considered a failure and a fraud since over 15 carmakers missed the event, including Volkswagen Group, Renault and Peugeot. After the 2006 edition and for the first time since 1994, SIAM was not hosted the following year. A two-year event is currently hosted.

Successful cars in Mexico

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Some cars have been especially successful in Mexico, depending on their cost and viability.

Chevrolet Corsa

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Main article: Opel Corsa
A couple of Chevy sedans in Mexico City

The second-generation Opel Corsa (imported from Spain) was first introduced in Mexico in 1994 under the name "Chevrolet Chevy" as a response to the successful Volkswagen Sedan. General Motors used a practical, supermini with an affordable price tag for the Mexican consumer that gave excellent results. From 1996, when the Chevy Popular or Chevy Pop budget trim was introduced, and the Chevy began to be produced in the Ramos Arizpe GM assembly plant, it replaced the Volkswagen Sedan (Beetle) as the top selling car in Mexico. Chevrolet soon launched the also Mexican made Chevy Monza, similar to the 4-door saloon version of the Chevrolet Classic still produced in Argentina, for those who wanted a bigger trunk and more room for the same low price.

A 2006 Corsa sedan made in Brazil

The design was not changed until 2000 when it was facelifted in Europe with transparent headlights, newer rear lights and a new interior. A Station Wagon imported from Argentina was also launched, as well as a Brazilian-made pickup variant. With the introduction of the Corsa III, however, the older Corsa was no longer manufactured in European GM plants. This generation Corsa remained in production in Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. In 2004, Mexican designers redesigned the Chevy inside and out and upgraded the 1.6-liter engine to reach 98 bhp. This newer Chevrolet was called C2 as a reference to the Corvette generations. In July 2008, a facelift designed in Detroit was introduced for the new 2009 Chevy, available in 3- and 5-door hatchback, and 4-door sedan bodies.

Nissan Tsuru

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Main article: Nissan Sentra


Nissan Tsuru

The Datsun 160J was a mid-size sedan that sold well but did not meet the sales number benchmark set by its successor. In 1983 the first Nissan Sentra was launched as a replacement for the 160J under the name "Tsuru", Japanese for crane. While the Tsuru was quickly accepted by Mexicans as a comfortable and affordable car, it did not replace the VW Sedan as the top-selling car in Mexico.

A second-generation Tsuru was launched in late 1987 as a 1988 model with a more square-shaped and larger design. Neither generation, however, managed to become the best-selling car in Mexico.

The third generation Tsuru (the Sentra III) was introduced in November 1991. This Tsuru featured a more rounded 1990s type design scheme. Soon the third generation Tsuru was known for being powerful and comfortable, yet affordable. With the new Chevrolet Chevy in 1994, however, the Tsuru had a new rival. It didn't take long for it to overtake the Chevy, and, soon after, the Sedan. It reached number 1 in 1998, and it stayed there until 2005, with the Volkswagen Pointer. The Renault-based Nissan Platina was thought to be its successor, but the incredible sales ranking of the Tsuru kept the Platina as another option. The Platina remained in the top 10 until it was discontinued in 2010, alongside its hatchback counterpart, the Clio.

The Tsuru remains the most popular choice for city (but not for highway due to a lack of stability) taxicab drivers in Mexico (airport and hotel taxis usually drive higher end vehicles, such as Audi), along with the MkIII. It is currently the longest-running car in terms of consecutive years sold in Mexico in the century (18 years), ended only by concerns over crash safety and emissions.[8]

Volkswagen Jetta (Volkswagen Clásico from 2010 to 2015)

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Main article: Volkswagen Jetta
2010 Volkswagen Jetta Europa

The first Jetta was renamed Atlantic for the Mexican market. It sold well, so Volkswagen decided to start manufacturing it in their factory at Puebla, Mexico. In late 1998, the fourth generation Jetta (called Bora in Europe) reached Mexico. The car showed off a new design, which did not appeal initially to Mexicans. However, good marketing tactics and phrases like "No cambies, evoluciona" (Don't change, evolve) resulted in a quick change of opinion, and for the first time, a mid-sized vehicle made it into Mexico's top 10 sellers list; the Jetta became a hit and ranked as the fourth best-seller. The catch phrase "Todo mundo tiene un Jetta, al menos en la cabeza" (Everyone has a Jetta, at least in their mind) became a reality or so it seems as it is common to see many Jetta's driving nearby on the streets. The car's success was such that it was not replaced in 2005 by the Jetta V, which adopted the Bora moniker, so the Jetta IV continued to be offered for sale. Both cars achieved even greater success in their later years: Jetta IV placed number one for a month in June 2009, and Bora has stayed among the top five since 2008. A redesigned Jetta was released in 2009 and advertised with a new slogan: "Porque el corazón no da explicaciones" (Because the heart gives no reasons).

On July 22, 2010, the sixth generation Jetta was released. As of August 2010, Mexico was the only country in the world where fourth, fifth and sixth generation Jetta's were being sold at the same time. Bora left the dealerships in late 2010, but Jetta IV was still being offered afterwards due to its high sales. Incidentally, Volkswagen changed this version's moniker to simply Clásico (Spanish for "classic"). The Volkswagen Clásico sold very well until the 2015 model, which was the year it was discontinued, with the new Indian-built Vento taking its place.

Volkswagen Sedan

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A Volkswagen Sedan.
Main article: Volkswagen Beetle
Main article: Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico


The first Volkswagen car sold in Mexico was the 1954 Beetle, called Sedan in this country. The popularity of the Beetle led VW to build their own factory in the state of Puebla, Mexico. In the early 80s, Mexico and Brazil were the only countries producing the Beetle (Sedan in Mexico, Fusca in Brazil), so many foreign enthusiasts used to import the car and keep it as a collectible. Brazil stopped producing the Fusca in 1997, and Mexico became the sole producer until 2003.

Volkswagen broadcast a minute-long farewell TV advertisement with people waving goodbye to the Sedan as it made its way through the avenue. On July 30, 2003, the last Beetle came out from the Puebla factory, closing a chapter in automobile history. The 3000th last edition Sedan was given to Pope John Paul II and now resides in the Volkswagen museum in Germany.

Companies with official brands in Mexico

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This is a brief history of the car makers in this country.

Audi

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Audi operates a car factory at San José Chiapa with a capacity of 150,000 units per year, including the Q5. Some parts are exported to China and India.[9][10][11]

Aston Martin

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Aston Martin entered the Mexican auto market in 2014 with the opening of their first dealership in Mexico City located in the Polanco neighborhood.

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG

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Brands BMW and Mini.

See: BMW Mexico

Chrysler Group, LLC

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Brands Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep; and vehicles by Hyundai (until 2014).

Chrysler entered Mexico around 1937. In the 1960s, the company was renamed Automex. Then in the 1970s, their name changed again to Chrysler de México. The latest models are launched just after those in the United States are launched. Chrysler markets several brands including Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep, Smart, Maybach, and Mitsubishi (in partnership). They sold Hyundai passenger cars, cargo vans, and passenger vans under a "by Dodge" badge. This was because Hyundai had no official representation in Mexico until 2014. Strangely enough, the Dodge Ramcharger 2-door SUV was popular in the Mexican market. Chrysler even developed a version of the Ramcharger based on the 1994 Ram (not offered in the US) due to the popularity of 2-door SUVs in Mexico and the lack of market in the US.

For many years, Dodge vehicles were sometimes rebadged as Chryslers, for example, the Neon.

First Automotive Works

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Brands FAW.
In spite of offering the least expensive vehicles in Mexico, FAW saw extremely low sales after its first arrival, amounting to less than 2,300 nationwide as of 2010.

The first Chinese car maker in Mexico was introduced in January 2008 through the Elektra convenience stores, owned by Grupo Salinas. Although the F1 is the least expensive automobile in the country, FAW received very poor sales in comparison with popular brands such as GM, Volkswagen and Nissan. While some critics dismissed FAW due to its origin and the main purpose of offering an economy product, others supported it by showing videos recorded during the Euro NCAP tests for the F5. Its latest slogan was "impulsa tus sueños" (impulse your dreams), and it was marketed towards people unable to afford an expensive car. FAW initially planned to construct a factory in Mexico capable of producing over 100,000 vehicles annually; however, after the company saw the poor initial sales, they cancelled the plan. FAW has since left Mexico, but thanks to Great Wall Motors, it still is operating today under its commercial vehicle division.[12]

Fiat S.p.A.

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Brands Ferrari, Fiat and Maserati.

Fiat re-entered Mexico in 2004 in collaboration with General Motors, before its commercial rupture. Fiat hadn't achieved much sales success due to having only one model for sale until the beginning of 2006. Upon its introduction, the Punto was a hit for the carmaker.

Ferrari entered the country in 1998 with the F355 Spider. The Enzo Ferrari arrived in early 2004 at the former dealership at Avenida de los Insurgentes (now Alfa Romeo taking its place) in Mexico City with a price of $1,285,000 US dollars. Five units were sold. Furthermore, Ferrari chose Chiapas to test its F430 in 2004 before it came out. Curiously, they are the only carmaker to offer their entire catalogue in Mexico.

Ford Motor Company

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Brands Ford, Lincoln, Mercury and Volvo.

Ford Motor Company México had excellent sales during the 1950s, '60s and '70s, before being overtaken by General Motors. It used to hold the second place in sales. For several decades, Ford sold various successful Mercury models under a Ford badge, most notoriously the Mercury Zephyr as the Ford Elite II (with a Ford Granada front end), Grand Marquis, Cougar, Topaz (an upmarket Ford Tempo) and Ghia (an upmarket Mercury Topaz).

From 1996, Lincoln dealerships became Lincoln-Mercury dealerships selling both brands.

For a time, the hot hatch Focus ST was the only hatchback Focus available in Mexico. It offers a 2.5i 5-cylinder engine like the European versions—Mexico being the only country in America in which Ford offers this European version (imported from Germany). Family versions were released with two trim levels and a 2.0i petrol engine. This is not the same as the Focus sold in the United States, which is based on the original 1998–2005 version.

The European Ford Mondeo appeared in 2003, although it was different from the mainland Europe version; being more luxurious, it sold for approximately £20,000 for a 2.0i model.

Their successful Ikon (sedan version of the Fiesta II) remained a favourite for low income families, sharing similar success with the next generation model in 2005, the Fiesta III Sedan. However, it is the Brazilian EcoSport compact SUV which now holds the Ford's best seller title.

The latest Mustang remains a favourite with men in their 20s and 30s, as its previous generations did.

In 2010, the Taurus badge returned to Mexico after a 12-year absence, and was discontinued thereafter.

Ford has two factories in Mexico, producing around 400,000 cars per year at Hermosillo and Cuautitlán, mostly for export to US and Canada.[13][14][15][16]

General Motors Company

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Brands Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC and vehicles by Opel and Holden.

General Motors was the sales leader in Mexico until 2009, when Nissan overtook GM.[17] From the early '60s to the early '90s, Chevrolet was the only brand available, even in the '90s when GM sold Buicks and Oldsmobiles under the Chevrolet brand (e.g. the Buick Century as the Chevrolet Century Limited and the Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera as the Chevrolet Cutlass and Chevrolet Eurosport). GMC models were also previously sold as Chevrolets in Mexico. Chevrolet was one of the first carmakers to establish itself in Mexico. The second formal GM brand to re-enter the market was Cadillac in 1991. Then more brands came throughout the decade. GM now markets several brands like Buick, Chevrolet, Cadillac and GMC.

The first Opel car in Mexico was the Rekord produced in the '60s. The carmaker retired from the country from 1972 until 1994, the year GM introduced the Opel Corsa under the name Chevrolet Chevy. Opel vehicles are currently sold under the Buick brand name in Mexico. The success of the Chevrolet Chevy (C2 redesigned in Mexico) kept GM ranked as the number one seller from 1995 until 2009.[17]

GM introduced the Caprice and Lumina to the Mexican market again in the late 1990s, and turned massive profits off of those vehicles, where the Caprice is a popular taxi and police car. Chevrolet stopped importing the Lumina in 2013, which its slots were filled by the Malibu, Silverado (known in Cheyenne in this market), Camaro, and SS. The Caprice's slot was then filled by the Impala and Malibu in 2017.

GM introduced the previous Daewoo Matiz to Mexico under the name Pontiac Matiz, but shortly after Pontiac's discontinuation, the Matiz was sold under the Chevrolet logo in Europe. With the G3 and Aveo, GM offered the same model in Mexico as the Saturn models in the United States.

The Hummer H1 was available for the Mexican Army through the '90s. With the late 2007 scandal involving former president Vicente Fox (portraying him as the owner of diverse vehicles from unknown funds, notably a Hummer), jokes referring to the Hummer became popular throughout the country. After the Pontiac brand stopped production of all cars in late 2010 as GM announced, Buick is expected to replace Pontiac in the Mexican market and become GMC's partner brand as most dealerships in Mexico are GMC-Pontiac.

Saab had a reputation similar to Volvo's. Both brands are respected for their safety concept and Swedish design. They left in 2010 due to Spyker buying out the firm, except for Volvo, which returned to the market a few years later after its absence.

The Cadillac Catera became a successful model in Mexico during the '90's. Nowadays the Escalade is the top selling Cadillac.

Honda Motor Company, Ltd.

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Brands Acura and Honda.

HCL - Honda Celaya Plant

Hyundai Motor Company

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Brands Hyundai and Kia.

Hyundai Motor México entered the Mexican market in 2014 with the Grand i10, Elantra, and the ix35. Soon afterwards, the Sonata joined the lineup. Prior to the introduction of the Hyundai brand for non-commercial vehicles, Hyundai passenger vehicles, light-duty cargo vans, and passenger vans were distributed by Chrysler de México, branded as Dodge.

Isuzu Motors, Ltd.

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Isuzu Motors de México started operations in November 2005, thanks to the Economic Partnership Agreement that had been signed by Mexico and Japan. Isuzu is the first Japanese commercial vehicle manufacturer to enter Mexico, and it is a joint venture between Isuzu Motors Limited (51%) and Mitsubishi Corporation (49%). The company started sales with the ELF in 3 different versions: ELF 300 with payload capacity of 3.4 tons, ELF 400 with a 4-ton payload and ELF 450 with a 4.5 ton capacity. Since then the brand has expanded throughout the country, as of 2008 has 27 dealers and will start assembly operations for the model ELF 600 in 2009.

GM Mexico sold an Isuzu pick-up truck as the Chevrolet Luv, imported from Chile (GM Chile). There was a Single Cab and a Crew Cab 4x2 model with a 2.3 cc Petrol engine. It was the first South American compact truck (before the Ford Ranger and Toyota Hilux from Argentina).

Jaguar Land Rover

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Brands Jaguar Cars and Land Rover.

The X-Type is the most successful Jaguar in the country with a price of US$40,000. Less than 1000 Jaguars are sold per year however as the company has faced stiff competition from Mercedes-Benz and BMW, which have domestic manufacturing facilities in Mexico. The SUV maker Land Rover is very popular among the middle and high classes in Mexico. The LR3 and the Freelander are the most successful models.

Mazda Motor Corporation

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Mazda was introduced in Mexico in November 2005 with the release of the then current Mazda3 and Mazda6 models.

While it was common to spot imported B2000 pick-ups and 626 sedans on the streets, Mazda vehicles were virtually unknown in Mexico. When the Mazda3 was introduced, both hatchback and notchback versions became a success among youngsters.

Throughout 2007 and 2008, Mazda fulfilled most of its clients' requests by presenting the MPV Mazda5, the SUVs CX-7 and CX-9, and the popular roadster, the Miata, rebadged MX-5. Though the Coupe, the RX-8, had been considered, the modifications needed to achieve good performance in the Valley of Mexico led to the idea being dropped. The only RX-8 delivered by Mazda Motor de México to an individual was raffled by Mazda itself in 2008.

The new generation Mazda3 and the CX-7 have kept Mazda among the most successful brands in Mexico; Mazda6 and MX-5 maintain regular sales, while Mazda5 and CX-9 have the weakest.

McLaren Automotive

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McLaren Automotive entered the Mexican market in 2015 by opening its first dealership in the capital city Mexico City (Santa Fe). One year later they opened a second dealership in León, Guanajuato to serve León and the rest of the bajio region.

Mercedes-Benz

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See: Mercedes-Benz Mexico

PSA Peugeot Citroën

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Brands Peugeot, Opel and a vehicle by Citroën.

Peugeot returned to Mexico in 1997 with the 306 Saloon. The 206 has had very good sales despite having the Renault Clio as a tough competitor. Peugeots rank high in sales mostly because of their design.

Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance (Renault S.A., Mitsubishi Motors and Nissan Motor Company, Ltd.)

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Brands Nissan, Mitsubishi and Renault, and vehicles by Dacia, Infiniti and Samsung.

Nissan is a well-known carmaker in Mexico and number one in sales thanks largely[17] to its model Tsuru II, based on the 1991–94 Sentra and being facelifted every four years. The Tsuru III's driveline currently uses Renault-sourced parts, which are locally manufactured. This car is especially prized by taxicab companies for being affordable (around $131,000 MXN or $9500 USD), strong, spacious, fast and trustworthy. This has kept it in the number one sales position since the 90s, and that has kept Nissan at the top of the sales rankings in the country. With the Renault-Nissan Alliance, Nissan México designed the Platina, based on the Renault Clio Symbol. The Platina was an option for Mexican families who wanted more space for a smaller price. Nissan Mexicana sold the Dacia Logan (made by Renault Brazil) as the Nissan Aprio. Nissan also sells one Infiniti model.

First established in 1959, Renault was quite successful in Mexico during the late 70s and early 80s with their R5 (nicknamed "zapatito" or "little shoe") and R12. The French pronunciation of the marque was mis-conceived as "Reh-nol", "Roh-nol" and even "Roh-ñol". Renault's Mexican assembly was carried out by DINA S.A.[18] Renault remained successful until 1986 when it left the country because of financial reasons.

Following in the footsteps of Peugeot, Renault returned to Mexico in late 1999 via the Mexican Auto Show (then Autoexpo) of 1999, where they offered the first generation Mégane Scénic's (or simply Scénic) for test-drives — a model seen for the first time at the Auto Show. This vehicle, known for being the first mid-size MPV, was introduced in 2000 and was received warmly by the Mexican buyers. The small family sedan Mégane followed the next year, along with their best seller Clio's sporty version, the Clio II Renault Sport. Regarding the success of the hot hatch, Renault decided to present for sale in Mexico their Mexican-made Clio II, featuring the 2001 restyling (though the 1998 type original dashboard remained), dark gray rims and a unique 1.6i—mounted on other Renaults in order to resist Mexico's central states' heights. The Nissan factory in Aguascalientes was used for the assembly of the Clio, the Platina (Nissan's Clio sedan version) and, formerly, the previous Scénic. The facelifted Clio was introduced in late 2006 featuring a new front and rear end and new interior design (from the European 2001 version). It was planned for it to remain on sale, as in most countries, until 2010. Ironically, the Clio outlasted this new Clio II's presence on the Mexican market. It is now one of the two remaining French Renault models, since the Mégane II hatch production ended in Spain. Korean Koleos, Safrane, and Fluence, and the Colombian Sandero were expected to replace all French models by 2012.

Mitsubishi entered Mexico in 2003 with the previous Galant and Montero. Mitsubishi has had success with the SUVs Endeavor and Outlander, and, recently with the Lancer.

Subaru

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Arrived to Mexico in 2006, through an importer, and by 2017 Subaru arrived officially as a brand to Mexico opening Corporative offices in Mexico City

Suzuki Motor Corporation

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Suzuki came to Mexico in 2005 thanks to the free trade agreement between Japan and Mexico in October of that year. The first dealer began by selling two models: Model year 2006 Grand Vitara V6 and the four-door Aerio. The current dealer network consists of 40 agencies spanning the length and breadth of the country. The Grand Vitara is still doing great and inspired Suzuki to import the Swift, which has also been a successful model. As of 2012, Suzuki of México offered a total of five products with many different options: Swift GL MT, GLS MT & GLS AT, SX4 Crossover MT & CVT, SX4 Sedan MT & CVT, Kizashi CVT and Grand Vitara GL AT, Grand Vitara HIMALAYA AT, GLS AT & 4X4 AT.

Toyota Motor Corporation

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Toyota officially entered Mexico in July 1959 with the Crown and Land Cruiser and established local assembly of Land Cruisers and large trucks in December 1960. Toyota later withdrew from the Mexican market in 1964, and returned in April 2002 with the Camry and Corolla.[19]

Before its re-entry, the carmaker was already known in the country for the pick-ups and cars imported from the United States. The Tacoma is built in manufacturing plants in Tecate, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico and San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. The Corolla and the RAV4 are very successful in Mexico as in the rest of the world.

Volkswagen Group

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Brands Audi, Bentley, Lamborghini, SEAT, Porsche and Volkswagen.

Volkswagen is a sales leader in Mexico, just behind Nissan and GM. The commercial success of the Pointer, Jetta and Lupo models have helped Volkswagen's sales. Volkswagen hasn't introduced the ultra-luxury brand Bugatti in Mexico (which may only be bought through specialist car dealers in major cities such as Mexico City with reports of at least 2 Bugatti being imported from the US), however, even though Audi and Bentley are selling well in Mexico, they are not as common as VW due to the fact they are more expensive. Lamborghini de Mexico officially entered the Mexican car market in 2010 with the opening of a dealership in Mexico City.

Audis are very popular amongst Mexican youths and businesspeople. The most successful models are the A4 sedan and the A3 Sportback.

The Spanish carmaker SEAT arrived in Mexico in 2001 with the Ibiza. The brand has been very successful with the strong sellers being the Ibiza and the León (new 1.4 and 1.8 TSi variants have been recently introduced). The Seat Córdoba will be produced starting next year in the Volkswagen assembly plant in Puebla, as the 2.0 Tiptronic variant.

Volkswagen was introduced in Mexico in 1954 with the offering of the popular Beetle. A major investor in the Volkswagen de Mexico dealership was Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. The Type 1 was officially called Sedan and commonly called "Vocho" as an abbreviation of Volkswagen.

Volkswagen recently introduced the Jetta TDi with a 1.9 Diesel engine. It is the second diesel-engineered car in Mexico since the Volkswagen Caribe Diesel (1979–1983), which was slow-selling in this country. Unfortunately, the sales of the Jetta TDi (unlike the huge number of sales of the 2.0i edition) have been small, encouraging its end in this country. VW is trying to convince government and environmental authorities of the advantages of using diesel and to encourage the reduction of taxes and other stimuli to increase the sales of the TDi.

VW has factories in Cuautlancingo (in Puebla) and Silao,[9] and uses rail, trucks and the ports of Veracruz and Lázaro Cárdenas for imports and exports.[10]

Porsche is also sold in Mexico although it is supplied directly by Porsche and not through VW due to the fact Porsche was once an independent company before it was bought by VW and VW has not yet merged the two supply chains.[citation needed]

Mainstream carmakers

[edit]

Notes:

  • If a car's retiring year reads 2021 and its availability cell is coloured green, it means no more units will be produced nor imported, but the last units are still on sale.
  • If a car has no retiring year marked but its availability cell is coloured red, it means either that car is in the middle of a restyling, or the maker is waiting for new units to arrive.
  • No future dates shall be given.
  • Family, executive and leisure cars are found below in the following Mexican body configurations: microauto (microcar), auto de ciudad (city car), subcompacto (supermini), compacto (small family car), mediano (large family car), lujo (executive car), minivan (MPV by size), SUV (by size), pick-up (by size), van (small LAV), van mediana (light van), and van larga (van). Sport cars are found on the lower part of each table following the same format and including (if any): roadster and Coupe. Convertibles may not be considered sport cars.
  • Blue link/text indicates a car whose brand and name are/were the same as the original model.
  • Green link/text indicates a car whose name is/was different from its original market.
  • Gamboge link/text indicates a car whose brand is/was different from its original market.
  • Dark red link/text indicates a car whose brand and name are/were different from its original market.

Japan Acura

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
TSX Sedan 2009 2014 I4 2.4i 240 hp M Japan Sayama, Saitama No
TL III Sedan 2005 2008 V6 3.2i 258 hp M United States Marysville, Ohio No
TL IV Sedan 2008 2014 V6 3.5i 280 hp M United States Marysville, Ohio No
TL IV Sedan 2008 2014 V6 3.7i 305 hp M United States Marysville, Ohio No
RL II Sedan 2005 2012 V6 3.7i 305 hp M No
RDX SUV 2006 Turbo 2.0 L A United States East Liberty, Ohio Yes
MDX SUV 2007 3.0 L J-Series V6 (turbo, Type-S)
3.5 L J-Series V6 		Canada East Liberty, Ohio Yes
ILX Sedan 2013 1.5 L LDA/LEA15 I4

2.0 L R20A I4

2.4 L K24Z7 I4

2.4 L K24V7 I4 (2016-)

5-speed automatic (2013–15)

6-speed manual (2013–15)

8-speed dual-clutch (2016–present)

Greensburg, Indiana, United States (Honda Manufacturing of Indiana) (April 2012 - November 2014)

Marysville, Ohio (Marysville Auto Plant) (2015–present)

Yes
NSX Sports Coupe 2017 3492 cc JNC1 twin turbo V6 9-speed dual-clutch Marysville, Ohio, United States (Performance Manufacturing Center) Yes
TLX Sedan 2015 10-speed automatic Marysville, Ohio, U.S. (Marysville Auto Plant) Yes

[20]

Italy Alfa Romeo

[edit]

Current

[edit]

Discontinued

[edit]

Germany Audi (1997–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine/Battery Transmission options Origin Available?
A1 Hatchback 2010 1.0 L EA211/EA211 DHSB TFSI I3
1.5 L EA211 EVO series TFSI I4
2.0 L EA888 TFSI I4
 M/S tronic Spain Martorell Yes
A3 Typ 8L Hatchback 1997 2004 M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria No
A3 Typ 8P Hatchback 2005 2012 M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria
Belgium Brussels 		No
A3 Typ 8P Sportback Station Wagon 2006 2012 M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria
Belgium Brussels 		No
A3 Typ 8P Cabriolet Convertible 2008 2013 M Belgium Brussels No
A3 Typ 8V Saloon Saloon 2013 May 2020
  • 6-speed manual
  • 6-speed (S-Tronic) automatic
  • 7-speed (S-Tronic) automatic
 No
A3 Typ 8Y Saloon Saloon October 2020 6-speed manual

7-speed S-tronic

Germany: Ingolstadt

(Audi AG Werk Ingolstadt)

Yes
A4 B5 Notchback 1997 2001 M No
A4 B5 Avant Station Wagon 1997 2001 M No
A4 B6 Notchback 2001 2005 M No
A4 B6 Cabriolet Convertible 2003 2006 M No
A4 B7 Notchback 2006 2008 M No
A4 B8 Notchback 2008 2015 M No
A4 B9 Saloon 2016 6-speed manual

7-speed S-tronic

8-speed Tiptronic

Yes
A5 B8 Coupe 2009 2016 M No
A5 B8 Sportback Fastback 2009 2016 M Yes
A5 Coupe 2016 6-speed manual

7-speed S-Tronic dual-clutch automatic

8-speed tiptronic automatic (A5 3.0 TDI & S5 & RS5)

Germany (Audi AG) Yes
A5 Sportback Fastback 2016 6-speed manual

7-speed S-Tronic dual-clutch automatic

8-speed tiptronic automatic (A5 3.0 TDI & S5 & RS5)

Germany (Audi AG) Yes
Q5 Typ 8R SUV 2008 2017 M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria Yes
Q5 Typ 80A SUV 2017 8-speed automatic Yes
A6 C5 Saloon 1997 2004 M No
A6 C6 Saloon 2005 2011 M Yes
A6 C7 Saloon 2011 2018 6-speed manual

8-speed Tiptronic ZF 8HP automatic

Multitronic CVT

7-speed S Tronic DCT

No
A6 C8 Saloon 2018 7-speed dual clutch S tronic

8-speed automatic tiptronic

  • Germany: Neckarsulm
 Yes
A7 Fastback 2010 M Neckarsulm, Germany Yes
Q7 Typ 4L SUV 2005 2015 M Slovakia Bratislava Yes
Q7 Typ 4M SUV 2015 6-speed automatic

8-speed ZF 8HP Automatic

Yes
A8 D2 Saloon 1997 2002 M No
A8 D3 Saloon 2003 2009 M No
A8 D4 Saloon 2010 2019 M Germany: Neckarsulm Yes
A8 D5 Saloon 2019 8-speed Tiptronic automatic

8 Speed Plug-In Hybrid ZF 8HP90 Tiptronic automatic

Germany Yes
TT Typ 8N Coupe 2000 2006 M No
TT Typ 8N Roadster 2000 2006 M No
TT Typ 8J Coupe 2006 2014 M Yes
TT Typ FV Coupe 2014 Yes
e-tron SUV 2020 Single speed with fixed ratio Belgium: Forest (Audi Brussels) Yes
S3 Hot hatch 2008 I4 1.8T 222 hp M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria No
S3 Typ 8L Hot hatch 2006 I4 2.0T 261 hp M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria Yes
S4 B6 Saloon 2003 2004 V8 4.2S 339 hp M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria No
S4 B7 Saloon 2005 2007 V8 4.2S 339 hp M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria No
S4 B8 Saloon 2008 V6 3.0S 329 hp M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria Yes
S5 B8 Coupe 2010 M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria Yes
RS5 B8 Coupe 2010 M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria Yes
S6 C6 Saloon 2007 V10 5.2S 429 hp M Germany Ingolstadt, Bavaria Yes
RS6 C5 Saloon 2003 2004 V8 4.2T 444 hp No
S8 D2 Saloon No
R8 Coupe 2009 V8 4.2i 414 hp M Germany Neckarsulm, Baden-Württemberg Yes
R8 Coupe 2010 V10 5.2i 518 hp M Germany Neckarsulm, Baden-Württemberg Yes

[21]

United Kingdom Bentley (2008–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine(s) Transmission(s) Origin Available?
Mulsanne Saloon 2011 2020 V8 6.8i 530 hp M England Crewe, Cheshire Yes
Continental GT Coupe 2008 2010 W12 6.0i 602 hp M England Crewe, Cheshire No
Continental GT II Coupe 2011 2018 W12 6.0i 602 hp M England Crewe, Cheshire Yes
Continental GT III Coupe 2018 England: Crewe (Bentley Crewe) Yes
Continental Flying Spur Saloon 2008 2013 W12 6.0i 602 hp M England Crewe, Cheshire Yes
Flying Spur II Saloon 2013 2019 No
Flying Spur III Saloon 2019 Yes
Bentayga SUV 2016 United Kingdom: Crewe Yes

[22]

Germany BMW (1997–present)

[edit]
  • 1 Series The 120i and 130i are available in 3- and 5-door Hatchback, 125i and 135i are available as Coupe. The 1 series Convertible is scheduled to be introduced next December
  • 3 Series The 325i and 335i are available as Sedan, Coupe and Convertible
  • 5 Series The 525i, 530i, and 550i are available only as Sedan
  • 6 Series The 650i is available as Coupe and Convertible
  • 7 Series The 750i is available in short- and long-wheelbase bodies, while the 760i is available only as a long-wheelbase sedan
  • M3 Available as Sedan and Coupe
  • M5 Available as Sedan only
  • M6 Available as Coupe and Convertible
  • X3 2.5 and 3.0 variants are available
  • X5 3.0 and 4.8 variants are available as 5 or 7-seater SUV
  • X6 3.0i, 4.8i
  • Z4; 2.0i, 3.0i
  • Z4 M Coupe

[23]

United States Cadillac (1991–present)

[edit]

Current

[edit]
  • Escalade (2001–present)
  • XT6 (2019–present)
  • XT5 (2016–present)
  • XT4 (2019–present)

Discontinued

[edit]

[24]

United States Chevrolet (1923–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
Spark Hatchback 2010 I4 1.2 80 hp S Yes
Chevy Hatchback 1994 I4 1.6 100 hp S/A Mexico Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila Yes
Monza Notchback 1996 I4 1.6 100 hp S/A Mexico Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila Yes
Chevy Station Wagon 1996 2002 I4 1.6 100 hp S/A Mexico Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila No
Aveo Notchback 2008 I4 1.6 110 hp S/A Mexico San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí Yes
Corsa C Hatchback 2002 2005 I4 1.4 89 hp S/A Brazil São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo No
Corsa C Notchback 2002 2008 I4 1.8 123 hp S/A Brazil São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo No
Optra Notchback 2008 2010 I4 1.8 120 hp S No
Cruze Notchback 2010 S/A Yes
Astra G Hatchback 2001 2005 S/A No
Astra G Sedan 2001 2005 S/A No
Astra G Station Wagon 2001 2003 S/A No
Astra H Hatchback 2006 2008 S/A No
Astra H Sedan 2006 2008 S/A Poland Gliwice No
Epica Saloon 2007 2008 A No
Malibu IV Saloon 1978 1983 Mexico Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila No
Malibu IV Coupe 1978 1983 Mexico Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila No
Malibu V Saloon 1997 2003 No
Malibu VI Saloon 2005 2007 United States Kansas City, Kansas No
Malibu VII Saloon 2008 Yes
HHR SUV 2006 2009 Mexico Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila No
Camaro IV Coupe 1993 2002 V6 3.4 160 hp S/A Canada Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec No
Camaro V Coupe 2010 V8 6.2 426 hp S/A Canada Oshawa, Ontario Yes
Corvette C5 Coupe 1997 2005 V8 5.7 350 hp S United States Bowling Green, Kentucky No
Corvette C6 Coupe 2006 V8 6.2 426 hp A United States Bowling Green, Kentucky Yes

[25]

United States Chrysler (1929–present)

[edit]

[26]

United States Dodge (1928–present)

[edit]

[27]

China FAW (2008–2010)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine(s) Transmission(s) Origin Available?
F1 Hatchback 2008 2010 I3 1.0i 65 hp S China Changchun, Jilin No
F4 Notchback 2008 2010 I3 1.0i 65 hp S China Changchun, Jilin No
F5 Hatchback 2008 2010 I4 1.5i 101 hp S China Changchun, Jilin No
F5 Notchback 2008 2010 I4 1.5i 101 hp S China Changchun, Jilin No

[28]

Italy Ferrari (1998–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
California Coupe-cabrio 2009 V8 4.3i 453 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna Yes
360 Módena Coupe 1999 2005 V8 3.6i 400 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
360 Spider Cabrio 1999 2005 V8 3.6i 400 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
360 Challenge Stradale Coupe 2004 2005 V8 3.6i 420 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
F430 Coupe Coupe 2005 V8 4.3i 490 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna Yes
F430 Spider Spider 2005 V8 4.3i 490 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna Yes
F430 Scuderia Coupe 2005 2009 V8 4.3i 508 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
F430 Scuderia 16M Spider 2008 2009 V8 4.3i 503 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
458 Italia Coupe 2010 V8 4.5i 560 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna Yes
550 Maranello Coupe 1999 2002 V12 5.5i 485 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
550 Barchetta Coupe 1999 2002 V12 5.5i 485 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
575M Maranello Coupe 2003 2006 V12 5.7i 508 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
575M Superamerica Coupe 2007 2007 V12 5.7i 530 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
599 GTB Fiorano Coupe 2008 V12 6.0i 620 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna Yes
456M Coupe 1999 2004 V12 5.5i 442 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No
612 Scaglietti Coupe 2005 V12 5.7i 540 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna Yes
Enzo Coupe 2003 2004 V12 6.0i 660 hp S Italy Maranello, Emilia-Romagna No

[29]

Italy Fiat (2005–present)

[edit]

[30]

United States Ford (1925–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
Ka Hatchback 2001 2008 I4 1.6i 94 hp S Brazil São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo No
Fiesta IV Hatchback 1998 2002 S Brazil São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo No
Fiesta IV Ikon Notchback 2001 2007 S Mexico Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico No
Fiesta V Hatchback 2002 2007 S Brazil Camaçari, Bahia No
Fiesta V Ikon Notchback 2005 S Brazil Camaçari, Bahia Yes
Fiesta VI Hatchback 2010 S/A Mexico Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico Yes
Fiesta VI Sedan Notchback 2010 2012 S/A Mexico Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico No
Focus Hatchback 2000 2004 S/A Mexico Hermosillo, Sonora No
Focus Notchback 2000 2007 S/A Mexico Hermosillo, Sonora No
Focus Station Wagon 2000 2004 S/A Mexico Hermosillo, Sonora No
Focus II Hatchback 2009 2011 S/A Argentina General Pacheco, Argentina Yes
Focus II Hatchback 2007 2011 S/A Argentina General Pacheco, Argentina Yes
Mondeo III Notchback 2002 2006 S/A Belgium Genk, Limburg No No

[31]

United States GMC

[edit]

[30]

Japan Hino

[edit]

Japan Honda (1995–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
Fit I Hatchback 2005 2008 No
Fit II Hatchback 2009 Yes
City V Notchback 2009 Yes
Civic VI Notchback 1997 1999 No
Civic VII Notchback 2000 2005 No
Civic VIII Notchback 2006 2011 No
Civic IX Notchback 2012 2017 No
Civic X Notchback 2017 Yes
Accord V Notchback No
Accord VI Notchback No
Accord VII Notchback No
Accord VIII Notchback Yes
CR-V II SUV No
CR-V III SUV 2007 Yes
Pilot I SUV 2004 2008 No
Pilot II SUV 2008 Yes
Odyssey II SUV 2000 2004 United States Lincoln, Alabama No
Odyssey III MPV 2004 United States Lincoln, Alabama Yes

[32]

United States Hummer (2006–2010)

[edit]

[33]

South Korea Hyundai (2014–present)

[edit]

[34]

Japan Isuzu

[edit]

[35]

United Kingdom Jaguar

[edit]

[36]

United States Jeep (1994–present)

[edit]

Current

[edit]

Discontinued

[edit]

South Korea Kia (2015–present)

[edit]

[37]

Italy Lamborghini (2010–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
Gallardo LP 560-4 Coupe 2010 V10 5.2i 552 hp Italy Sant'Agata Bolognese, Emilia-Romagna Yes
Gallardo LP 560-4 Spyder Cabrio 2010 V10 5.2i 552 hp Italy Sant'Agata Bolognese, Emilia-Romagna Yes
Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera Coupe 2010 V10 5.2i 562 hp Italy Sant'Agata Bolognese, Emilia-Romagna Yes
Murciélago LP 640 Coupe 2010 2011 V12 6.5i 631 hp Italy Sant'Agata Bolognese, Emilia-Romagna No
Murciélago LP 640 Roadster Cabrio 2010 2011 V12 6.5i 631 hp Italy Sant'Agata Bolognese, Emilia-Romagna No
Murciélago LP 670-4 SuperVeloce Coupe 2010 2011 V12 6.5i 661 hp Italy Sant'Agata Bolognese, Emilia-Romagna No

United Kingdom Land Rover

[edit]

United States Lincoln (1991–present)

[edit]

The Navigator is Lincoln's most popular and successful car in Mexico.

ItalyMaserati (1998–present)

[edit]

Mexico Mastretta (1989–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
MXA Coupe 1998 1998 B4 1.6i 44 hp S Mexico Mexico City No
MXB Coupe 1998 1998 B4 1.6i 44 hp S Mexico Mexico City No
MXT Coupe 2011 L4 2.0ti 250 hp S Mexico Ocoyoacac, Mexico Yes

[38]

Japan Mazda (2005–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission Origin Available?
2 DE Hatchback 2011 No
3 Hatchback 2006 2008 L4 2.0i 148 hp S No
3 Notchback 2006 2008 L4 2.0i 148 hp S No
3 II Hatchback 2009 L4 2.0i 148 hp S Yes
3 Notchback 2009 L4 2.0i 148 hp S Yes
5 II MPV No
5 III MPV 2011 Yes
6 Saloon No
6 Saloon Yes
CX-7 SUV Yes
CX-9 SUV Yes
MX-5 Roadster Yes
Mazdaspeed3 Hot hatch Yes

[39]

Germany Mercedes-Benz (1984–present)

[edit]

United States Mercury (1994–2011)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
Mariner II 4X2 SUV 2007 2011 V6 3.0i 240 hp M United States Claycomo, Missouri No
Mariner II 4WD SUV 2007 2011 V6 3.0i 240 hp M United States Claycomo, Missouri No

United Kingdom-China MG (2020–present)

[edit]

United Kingdom MINI (2002–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
Cooper II Coupe 2008 L4 1.6i 118 hp S/M England Oxford, Oxfordshire Yes
Cabrio II Coupe 2008 L4 1.6i 118 hp S/M England Oxford, Oxfordshire Yes
Cooper II S Coupe 2008 L4 1.6i 172 hp S/M England Oxford, Oxfordshire Yes
Clubman II S Station Wagon 2008 L4 1.6i 172 hp S/M England Oxford, Oxfordshire Yes
Cabrio II S Coupe 2008 L4 1.6i 118 hp S/M England Oxford, Oxfordshire Yes
John Cooper Works Coupe 2008 L4 1.6i 208 hp S England Oxford, Oxfordshire Yes
John Cooper Works Cabrio 2008 L4 1.6i 208 hp S England Oxford, Oxfordshire Yes

Japan Mitsubishi (2003–present)

[edit]

Japan Nissan (1984–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine options Transmission options Origin Available?
Micra K12 Hatchback I4 1.4i 88 hp S No
Aprio Notchback 2008 I4 1.6i 101 hp S/A Brazil São José dos Pinhais, Paraná Yes
Platina Notchback 2002 2010 I4 1.6i 110 hp S/A Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes No
Tsuru B11 Notchback 1984 1986 S Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos No
Tsuru B11 Coupe 1984 1986 S Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos No
Tsuru B12 Notchback 1986 1990 S Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos No
Tsuru B12 Station Wagon 1986 1990 S Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos No
Tsuru B13 Notchback 1993 I4 1.6i 105 hp S Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos Yes
Tsubame B13 Station Wagon 1993 2004 I4 1.6i 105 hp S Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos Yes
Sentra B14 Notchback 1995 1999 S Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes No
Sentra B15 Notchback 2000 2006 S Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes No
Sentra B16 Notchback 2007 S/CVT Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Yes
Almera N16 Hatchback 2001 2006 S England Sunderland, Tyne and Wear No
Tiida Hatchback 2006 I4 1.8i 125 hp S/A Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes
Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos 		Yes
Tiida Notchback 2006 I4 1.8i 125 hp S/A Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes
Mexico Cuernavaca, Morelos 		Yes
Rogue SUV 2006 I4 2.5i 160 hp S/A Japan Yes

France Peugeot (1958–1962; 1997–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine options Transmission options Origin Available?
206 Hatchback 2002 2009 I4 1.4i 75 hp S/A No
206 Hatchback 2002 2009 I4 1.6i 110 hp S/A No
206 CC Coupe-cabrio 2002 2006 I4 1.6i 110 hp S/A No
207 Compact Hatchback 2009 I4 1.6i 110 hp S/A Yes
207 Compact Notchback 2009 I4 1.6i 110 hp S/A Yes
207 Hatchback 2009 2009 S/A No
207 CC Hatchback 2009 2009 S/A No
306 Notchback 1997 2002 S/A No
307 Hatchback 2002 2009 S/A No
307 Notchback 2005 2010 S/A No
307 SW Station Wagon 2002 2005 S/A No
307 CC Coupe-cabrio 2003 2009 S/A No
308 Hatchback 2009 S/A Yes
308 CC Coupe-cabrio 2010 Yes
405 Saloon 1997 1998 S/A No
406 Saloon 1998 2004 S/A No
406 Coupe Coupe 1999 2005 S/A No
407 Saloon 2005 2012 S/A No
508 Saloon 2012 S/A Yes
607 Saloon 2003 2008 S/A France Sochaux, France No
3008 MPV 2010 S/A Yes
207 RC Hot hatch 2009 2009 S No
RCZ Coupe 2010 I4 1.6ti 197 hp S Austria Graz, Austria (Magna Steyr) Yes

[40]

United States Pontiac (1994–2010)

[edit]

Germany Porsche (1995–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine options Transmission options Country of origin Available?
986 Boxster Roadster 1997 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
986 Boxster S Roadster 1997 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
987 Boxster Roadster 2005 S/A/PDK Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
987 Boxster S Roadster 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
987 Cayman Coupe 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
987 Cayman S Coupe 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
987 Cayman S Coupe 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
993 Carrera Coupe 1997 1998 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
993 Turbo Coupe 1997 1998 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
996 Carrera Coupe 1998 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
996 Carrera S Coupe 1998 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
996 Carrera 4S Coupe 1998 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
996 Cabrio Cabrio 1998 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
996 Turbo Coupe 1998 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
996 GT3 Coupe 2000 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
996 GT2 Coupe 2000 2004 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg No
997 Carrera Coupe 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
997 Turbo Coupe 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
997 GT3 Coupe 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes
997 GT2 Coupe 2005 S Germany Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Yes

[41]

United Kingdom Radical

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine options Transmission options Origin Available?
SR3 RS Racecar 2009 L4 1.5i 265 hp S England Westwood, Cambridgeshire Yes

[42]

France Renault (1963–1986; 2000–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine options Transmission options Origin Available?
R4 Hatchback 1961 1970 S Mexico Ciudad Sahagún, Hidalgo No
R5 Hatchback 1972 1984 I4 1.3i 59 hp S Mexico Ciudad Sahagún, Hidalgo No
Sandero Hatchback 2010 I4 1.6i 101 hp S/A Brazil São José dos Pinhais, Paraná Yes
Clio II Hatchback 2002 2010 I4 1.6i 110 hp S/A Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes No
Clio III Hatchback 2006 2008 I4 1.6i 110 hp S/A France Strasbourg, Alsace No
Encore Hatchback 1984 1986 I4 1.7i 89 hp S Mexico Mexico, Distrito Federal No
Alliance Notchback 1984 1986 I4 1.4i 59 hp S Mexico Mexico, Distrito Federal No
Scala Notchback 2010 I4 1.6i 101 hp S/A South Korea Busan, Yeongnam Yes
Mégane Notchback 2000 2004 I4 2.0i 140 hp S/A Turkey Bursa, Bursa No
Mégane II Hatchback 2003 2009 I4 2.0i 140 hp S/A Spain Palencia, Castile and León No
Mégane II Notchback 2007 2010 I4 1.6i 110 hp
I4 2.0i 138 hp 		S
S/A 		Turkey Bursa, Bursa No
Mégane II CC Coupe-cabrio 2004 2009 I4 2.0i 138 hp
I4 2.0t 162 hp 		M No
Fluence Notchback 2010 2017 I4 2.0i 138 hp S/A Turkey Bursa, Bursa No
R12 Notchback 1972 1978 S No
R18 Notchback 1978 1984 I4 2.0i S No
Laguna II Hatchback 2002 2008 V6 3.0i M France No
Laguna II Grand Tour Station Wagon 2002 2007 V6 3.0i M France No
Safrane II Sedan 2009 2016 V6 2.3i 168 hp M South Korea Busan, Yeongnam No
Safrane III Sedan 2011 2016 V6 3.5i 240 hp M South Korea Busan, Yeongnam No
Scénic I MPV 2000 2005 I4 2.0i 138 hp S/A Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes No
Scénic II MPV 2005 2009 I4 2.0i 138 hp S/A No
Koleos SUV 2008 I4 2.5i 170 hp A South Korea Busan, Yeongnam Yes
Kangoo I LAV 2004 2019 I4 1.6i 110 hp S Argentina Santa Isabel, Córdoba No
Nueva Kangoo LAV 2019 N/A N/A Argentina Córdoba, Argentina Yes
Trafic Panel 2007 2009 I4 1.9d 99 hp S No
Trafic Van 2007 2009 I4 1.9d 99 hp S No
Clio II RS Hatchback 2001 2004 I4 2.0i 176 hp S France Dieppe, Seine-Maritime No
Clio II RS Team Hatchback 2005 2007 I4 2.0i 188 hp S France Dieppe, Seine-Maritime No
Mégane II GT Hatchback 2008 2009 I4 2.0ti 165 hp S Spain Palencia, Castile and León No
Mégane II GT Coupe 2008 2009 I4 2.0ti 165 hp S Spain Palencia, Castile and León No
Mégane II RS Coupe 2004 2009 I4 2.0ti 247 hp S France Dieppe, Seine-Maritime No
Clio RS 200 Hatchback 2014 Yes
Twizy Supermini 2017 Yes
Logan Sedan 2014 Yes

[43]

Sweden Saab

[edit]

Spain SEAT (2001–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine options Transmission options Country of origin Available?
Exeo Sedan 2011 2011 I4 2.0i 200 hp S/A Spain No
Ibiza II Hatchback 2001 2003 I4 1.6i 103 hp S No
Ibiza III Hatchback 2003 2009 I4 1.6i 103 hp S No
Ibiza IV Hatchback 2009 I4 2.0i 115 hp S/DSG Yes
León Hatchback 2001 2005 S/A No
León II Hatchback 2005 S/DSG Yes
Toledo II Notchback 2001 2005 S/A No
Toledo III LMPV 2005 2007 S/A No
Altea SMPV 2005 S/A No
León Cupra R Hot hatch 2003 2005 I4 1.8t 221 hp S/A No
León II Cupra R Hot hatch 2003 2005 I4 2.0t 261 hp S/A No

[44]

Germany Smart (2001–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine options Transmission options Country of origin[45] Available?
Fortwo I Coupe 2001 2007 I3 1.0i 70 hp S France Hambach No
Fortwo I Cabrio 2001 2007 I3 1.0i 70 hp S France Hambach No
Fortwo II Coupe 2007 I3 1.0i 70 hp S France Hambach Yes
Fortwo II Cabrio 2007 I3 1.0i 70 hp S France Hambach Yes
Fortwo II Passion Coupe 2007 I3 1.0i 84 hp S France Hambach Yes
Fortwo II Passion Cabrio 2007 I3 1.0i 84 hp S France Hambach Yes
Roadster Cabrio 2003 2005 S France Hambach No
Roadster Coupe Coupe 2003 2005 I3 1.0i 81 hp S France Hambach No

Japan Subaru (2017–present)

[edit]

[35]

Japan Suzuki (2005–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine(s) Transmission(s) Origin Available?
Swift V Hatchback 2006 S Yes
Aerio Hatchback 2005 2006 I4 2.3i 155 hp S Japan Kosai, Shizuoka No
SX4 Hatchback 2007 S Yes
SX4 Notchback 2007 S Yes
Kizashi Saloon 2010 I4 2.4i 185 hp Japan Sagara, Shizuoka Yes
Grand Vitara II SUV 2005 Yes
XL7 II SUV 2008 2009 Japan Hamamatsu, Shizuoka No

[46]

Japan Toyota (2002–present)

[edit]

Germany Volkswagen (1954–present)

[edit]
Name Body Introduced Retired Engine Transmission options Origin Available?
Sedan Coupe 1954 2003 B4 1.6i 44 hp S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Pointer II Hatchback 1998 2008 I4 1.8i 98 hp S Brazil São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo No
Gol V Hatchback 2008 I4 1.8i 98 hp S Brazil São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo Yes
Gol V Notchback 2008 I4 1.8i 98 hp S Brazil São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo Yes
Lupo II Hatchback 2004 2009 I4 1.6i 100 hp S Brazil São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo No
SportVan Hatchback 2004 I4 1.6i 100 hp S Argentina General Pacheco, Buenos Aires Yes
CrossFox Hatchback 2005 I4 1.6i 100 hp S Brazil São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo Yes
Caribe I Hatchback 1977 1987 I4 1.6i 66 hp S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Atlantic I Notchback 1981 1985 I4 1.6i 66 hp S No
Caribe I GT Hatchback 1984 1987 I4 1.8i 85 hp S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf II Hatchback 1987 1992 I4 1.8i 72 hp S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf II Hatchback 1987 1992 I4 1.8i 85 hp S/A Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Jetta II Notchback 1985 1992 I4 1.8i 85 hp S/A Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf II GTI Hatchback 1989 1992 I4 1.8i 105 hp S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf III Hatchback 1993 1999 S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf III Cabrio 1993 1999 S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Jetta III Notchback 1993 1999 S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf III GTI Hatchback VR6 2.8i 172 hp S Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf IV Hatchback 1999 2007 I4 2.0 115 hp S/A Germany Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony No
Jetta IV Notchback 1999 I4 2.0 115 hp S/A Mexico Puebla, Puebla Yes
Golf IV Cabrio 1999 2004 I4 2.0 115 hp S/A Germany Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony No
Golf IV GTI Hatchback 1999 2004 I4 1.8ti 180 hp S Germany Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony No
Golf IV R32 Hatchback 2003 2004 VR6 3.2i 237 hp S/A Germany Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony No
Golf IV R32 Hatchback 2003 2004 VR6 3.2i 237 hp S/A Germany Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony No
Golf V GTI Hatchback 2006 2010 I4 2.0ti 197 hp S/DSG Germany Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony Yes
Bora II Notchback 2005 I5 2.5i 172 hp S/M Mexico Puebla, Puebla Yes
Bora II Notchback 2007 I4 1.9td 103 hp S/DSG Mexico Puebla, Puebla Yes
Bora II GLI Notchback 2005 I4 2.0ti 197 hp S/DSG Mexico Puebla, Puebla Yes
Jetta VI Notchback 2010 I5 2.5i 172 hp S/DSG Mexico Puebla, Puebla Yes
Jetta VI Notchback 2010 I4 1.9td 103 hp DSG Mexico Puebla, Puebla No
Golf V GTI Pirelli Hatchback 2006 2010 I4 2.0ti 227 hp DSG Germany Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony Yes
Golf VI Sportwagen Station Wagon 2009 I5 2.5i 170 hp S/M Mexico Puebla, Puebla Yes
Passat VI CC Coupe 2008 I4 2.0ti 197 hp DSG Germany Emden, East Frisia Yes
Passat VI CC Coupe 2008 V6 3.6i 276 hp M Germany Emden, East Frisia Yes
Volkswagen Vento Notchback 2015 I4 1.6lMPI/ 1.5TDI 103 hp M/DSG India Pune, Maharashtra Yes
  • Argentina Amarok (Imported from Argentina).
  • Eurovan (T5 Transporter cargo and passenger van w/long wheelbase. Only sold with the 1.9TDi/105 hp engine)
  • Mexico Jetta IV; 2.0i, 1.9TDi
  • Mexico Beetle(Sold as GLS with 2.0 115 hp engine, Sport, Cabriolet and Sport GLX trims with 5 cil. 2.5 lt 170 hp engine. All variants with 5-speed manual and 6-speed tiptronic gearboxes)
  • Routan
  • Germany Passat (It is sold with 2.0 TFSi 200 hp, and V6 3.6 280 hp engines with 6-speed Tiptronic gearbox, the latter one is available also as a 4Motion model. Imported from Germany)
  • Tiguan
  • Slovakia Touareg; V6, V8 Petrol, V6 TDI.
  • Crafter
  • Mexico Jetta GLI; 1.8T
  • GLI; 2.0 TFSi/DSG

[47]

Sweden Volvo

[edit]

Current

[edit]

Discontinued

[edit]
  • C30
  • S40 AWD 2,5T Only with Automatic Transmission,2,4L FWD Manual.
  • S80
  • V50
  • C70

Mexico Vuhl

[edit]

Missing makers

[edit]

Few are the mainstream makers that have not official representation in Mexico but all of their models can be imported through exotic car dealers located mostly in Mexico City, Puebla, Veracruz, Mérida, Monterrey and Guadalajara.

Citroën

[edit]

Some people have begun to import C4 models to Mexican streets. There is a small unofficial importer in the Interlomas section in Mexico State just bordering Mexico City. The French maker has not made an official announcement or pointed out plans for entering the Mexican market in the near future, and remains one of the few countries in the world (along with the United States and Canada) where Citroën cars are not available.

Lancia

[edit]

Lancia models were presented at the 2003 Mexican Autoshow, though dealerships have not yet opened in the country. The next generation Delta however and Lancia's opening for new Latin American markets gives a wide possibility the maker will be selling by 2009.

Lexus

[edit]

After many false rumours in more than one decade, an official entry programmed for the final quarter of 2021, in September 2021, with vehicles of the 2022 model year.[48] The reason for this is to allow Lexus apply a marketing strategy and have time to make necessary adjustments to suspension and motor to all of its vehicles, to offer characteristic comfort of the brand in Mexico. The confirmed models for Mexico are the Lexus LS500h (hybrid), along with the ES, RX, LX, and UX, all of these models will be additionally offered in hybrid versions, as Lexus will find the most "green" lineup in the luxury segment in Mexico to offer all of its models with a hybrid variant. Once the brand arrives to Mexico, five agencies in Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey will be opened, and the agencies will focus on creating a purchase experience to all of their clients. However, the sport F range of cars is not confirmed, but there will be plans to launch it. Finally, in late 2021, a factory plant will begin to operate in Guanajuato, where the Toyota Tacoma is built. In addition, the Lexus brand will be an independent division which will get help from Toyota de Mexico, and additional help from TMNA and Lexus USA (its home market).

Maybach

[edit]

Rolls-Royce

[edit]

The Phantom is the only model available at the moment, it has a cost of $415,000 US dollars. However it is known that several varieties of Rolls-Royces are owned throughout the country, these were individually imported.

Saleen

[edit]

Saleen has no official subsidiary in Mexico, but they are imported through an official representative importer.

Scion

[edit]

Toyota's youth line has not been introduced to the Mexican market as the brand was discontinued in 2016.

Škoda

[edit]

Volkswagen and certain European car distributors import Skodas, but with the process, this economy line turns out to be more expensive than other higher end cars, making its purchase unattractive.

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Bennett, Douglas and Kenneth Evan Sharpe. Transitional Corporations Versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1985.
  • Bennett, Mark. Public Policy and Industrial Development: The Case of the Mexican Auto-Parts Industry. Boulder: Westview Press 1986.
  • Jenkins, Rhys Owen. Dependent Industrialization in Latin America: The Automotive Industry in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. New York: Praeger 1977.
  • Moreno Brid, Juan Carlos. Mexico's Motorvehicle Industry in the 1980s. Geneva: International Labor Office 1988.
  • Shaiken, Harley. Automation and Global Production: Automobile Engine Production in Mexico, the United States, and Canada. LaJolla, CA: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies 1987.
  • Fernando "Ferdle" Sanchez. Mexico's secondary advisor over the Motorcar industry in Chilpancingo, Mérida, and Guadalajara. The Los Angeles Council of Elders.

References

[edit]
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  8. ^ Luis Rojas (2016-10-27). "Nissan to stop making Mexican Tsuru amid safety criticism". Reuters.
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  12. ^ "Todos los autos chinos que se venden en México durante 2019". 8 May 2019.
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  15. ^ automotivelogistics.media https://web.archive.org/web/20180522181418/http://automotivelogistics.media/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Ford-Mexico-Outbound-Supply-Chain-300x200.jpg. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2017-05-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  18. ^ Mazur, Eligiusz, ed. (2002). "Katalog Samochody Świata 2003" [World Car Catalogue 2003]. Samochody Świata. Warsaw, Poland: Print Shops Prego - Polska Sp. z o.o.: 217. ISSN 1234-8198.
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  20. ^ "Acura México". Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
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  22. ^ "Bentley Polanco". Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-05.
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  25. ^ "Sitio Oficial de Chevrolet México". Retrieved 2009-10-05.
  26. ^ "Chrysler México". Retrieved 2009-10-05.
  27. ^ "Dodge México". Retrieved 2009-10-05. [dead link‍]
  28. ^ "FAW: Impulsa tus sueños". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
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  34. ^ "Hyundai Motor Mexico". Retrieved 2016-04-23.
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Sources

[edit]
  • Automóvil Panamericano Archived 2022-05-01 at the Wayback Machine. Mexican magazine (issues from October 1996 to October 2006). Retrieved August 18, 2006.
  • 4 Ruedas Magazine. Mexican Magazine (issues from October 1996 to September 2006). retrieved August 18, 2006.
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