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Foreign relations of Burundi

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Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. During the Burundian Civil War, hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors; relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.

Burundi is a member of various international and regional organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, the African Development Bank and the Francophonie. The Swedish Minister for Integration and Gender Equality, Nyamko Sabuni, was born in Burundi.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Burundi maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  France 1 July 1962[1]
2  Japan 1 July 1962[2]
3  United Kingdom 1 July 1962[3]
4  United States 1 July 1962[4]
5  Netherlands 4 July 1962[5]
6  Belgium 18 July 1962[6]
7  Poland 8 August 1962[7]
8  Russia 1 October 1962[8]
9  Israel 22 December 1962[9]
10  Germany 24 January 1963[10]
—  Holy See 11 February 1963[11]
11  Czech Republic 11 March 1963[12]
12  China 21 December 1963[13]
13  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1963[14]
14   Switzerland 13 January 1964[15]
15  Ghana 25 August 1964[16]
16  Mali 4 November 1964[17]
17  Egypt 8 December 1964[18]
18  Bulgaria 28 December 1964[19]
19  Luxembourg 29 April 1965[20]
20  Ethiopia 9 June 1965[21]
21  Denmark 25 June 1965[22]
22  Tanzania 9 September 1965[23]
23  Sweden 7 December 1965[24]
24  Spain 27 September 1966[25]
25  Norway 1966[26]
26  North Korea 12 March 1967[27]
27  Guinea 28 June 1967[28]
28  Uganda 25 August 1967[29]
29  India 1967[30]
30  Italy 1967[31]
31  Kenya 1967[32]
32  Hungary 29 May 1968[33]
33  Serbia 1 August 1968[34]
34  Romania 8 August 1968[35]
35  Greece 1968[36]
36  Senegal January 1969[37]
37  Canada 27 March 1969[38]
38  Rwanda April 1969[39]
39  Austria 1969[40]
40  Nigeria 6 November 1970[41]
41  Somalia 1970[42]
42  Sudan 1970[43]
43  Algeria April 1972[44]
44  Syria April 1972[45]
45  Chad 6 December 1972[46][47]
46  Zambia 13 March 1973[48]
47  Vietnam 16 April 1973[49]
48  Libya 19 April 1973[50]
49  Albania 7 November 1973[51]
50  Cuba 2 February 1974[52]
51  United Arab Emirates February 1974[53]
52  Saudi Arabia 15 July 1974[54]
53  Qatar 26 October 1974[55]
54  Bahrain 11 November 1974[56]
55  Portugal 22 February 1975[57]
56  Oman 28 February 1975[58]
57  Mozambique 26 June 1975[59]
58  Argentina 20 September 1976[60]
59  Gabon 23 October 1976[61]
60  Mexico 28 July 1977[62]
61  Finland 1 January 1980[63]
62  Tunisia 1 March 1980[64]
63  Brazil 4 March 1980[65]
64  Turkey 30 April 1980[66]
65  Cameroon 1 August 1980[67]
66  Iraq 27 September 1980[68]
67  Republic of the Congo 21 December 1980[69]
68  Kuwait 16 January 1981[70]
69  Bangladesh 23 May 1983[71]
70  Djibouti 13 December 1984[72]
71  Iran 31 March 1985[73]
72  Zimbabwe 26 April 1985[74]
73  Indonesia 31 May 1988[75]
74  Thailand 20 July 1988[76]
75  Colombia 11 November 1988[77]
76  Angola 21 December 1988[78]
77  Morocco 13 September 1991[79]
78  South Korea 3 October 1991[77]
79  Armenia 28 May 1992[80]
80  Moldova 12 June 1992[81]
81  Belarus 24 July 1992[82]
82  Estonia 30 July 1992[83]
83  Ukraine 22 February 1993[77]
84  Lithuania 17 May 1993[84]
85  Georgia 21 May 1993[85]
86  Latvia 24 May 1993[86]
87  Cambodia 25 May 1994[77]
88  Azerbaijan 2 March 1995[87]
89  South Africa 23 June 1995[88]
90  Malaysia 1996[89]
91  Slovakia 29 June 1999[77]
92  North Macedonia 7 February 2000[77]
93  Cyprus 26 November 2001[90]
94  Seychelles 15 July 2002[77]
95  Ireland 2004[91]
96  Pakistan 9 March 2005[92]
97  Iceland 14 December 2006[93]
98  Botswana 13 March 2007[77]
99  Andorra 30 May 2007[77]
100  Slovenia 27 July 2007[77]
101  Australia 23 August 2007[94]
102  Costa Rica 28 September 2007[95]
103  Venezuela 30 October 2007[96]
104  Bosnia and Herzegovina 9 September 2009[77]
105  Ivory Coast 8 April 2010[97]
106  Namibia 23 April 2010[77]
107  Paraguay 2010[98]
108  Montenegro 17 August 2012[77]
109  Solomon Islands 13 September 2012[77]
110  South Sudan 28 November 2012[99]
111  Mongolia 8 July 2013[77]
112  New Zealand 16 May 2014[100]
113  Monaco 31 October 2014[101]
114  Kazakhstan 4 December 2014[77]
115  Malta 12 January 2015[77]
116  Ecuador 27 February 2015[77]
117  Fiji 20 March 2015[77]
118  Turkmenistan 12 December 2015[102]
119  Sierra Leone 2 March 2016[103]
120  Bolivia 17 November 2016[104]
121  Philippines 30 June 2017[77]
122  Kyrgyzstan 22 September 2017[77]
123    Nepal 6 June 2018[77]
124  Dominican Republic 26 September 2018[77]
125  Tajikistan 18 October 2018[77]
126  Sri Lanka 11 March 2019[77]
127  Nicaragua 26 June 2019[77]
128  Burkina Faso 28 October 2019[105]
129  Vanuatu 6 December 2019[106]
130  Liberia 22 January 2020[107]
131  Croatia 14 May 2021[77]
132  Gambia 15 October 2021[108]
133  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 24 November 2021[109]
134  Maldives 20 January 2022[77]
135  Laos 4 February 2022[77]
136  Mauritania 26 July 2022[110]
137  Eswatini 4 August 2022[111]
138  Niger 25 April 2023[112]
139  São Tomé and Príncipe 13 June 2023[113]
140  Trinidad and Tobago 1 September 2023[77]
141  El Salvador 18 September 2023[114]
142  Singapore 6 October 2023[77]
143  Belize 23 September 2024
144  Uzbekistan 24 September 2024[115]
145  Madagascar 26 September 2024[116]
146  San Marino 27 September 2024[117]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 25 October 2024[118]
147  Benin Unknown
148  Equatorial Guinea Unknown
149  Lesotho Unknown
150  Malawi Unknown
151  Yemen Unknown

Bilateral relations

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Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began. Notes
 Algeria April 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations in April 1972[44]
  • Algeria is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Bujumbura.[119]
  • Burundi has an embassy in Algiers
 Angola 21 December 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1988 when Angola's first Ambassador to Burundi, Miguel Gaspar Neto presented his credentials.[78]
  • Angola is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Tanzania.[119]
 Benin The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.[120]
 Cameroon 1 August 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1980[67]
 Central African Republic The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and Burundian President Pierre Nkurunziza visited the country in 2014.[122]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963[14]
  • Burundi has an embassy in Kinshasa.[123]
  • DR Congo has an embassy in Bujumbura.
 Republic of Congo 21 December 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1980[69]
  • Congo is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Rwanda.[119]
 Egypt 8 December 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1964[18]
 Equatorial Guinea
  • Burundi is represented in Equatorial Guinea through its embassy in Nigeria.[124]
  • Equatorial Guinea is represented in Burundi through its embassy in the Republic of Congo.[124]
 Ethiopia 9 June 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1965 when the Burundi government has appointed its Ambassador in Addis Ababa, Pascar Bugiriza[21]
  • Burundi has an embassy in Addis Ababa.[123]
  • The two countries maintain friendly and cooperative relations.[125]
 Ghana 25 August 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1964[16]
  • Ghana is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Kenya.[126]
 Guinea 28 June 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1967[28]
  • Guinea is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Gabon.[127]
 Kenya 1967 See Kenya–Burundi relations
 Malawi
  • Malawi is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Tanzania.[119]
 Morocco 13 September 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1991[79]
 Mozambique 26 June 1975
  • Mozambique is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Tanzania.[119]
 Nigeria 6 November 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State.[41]
 Rwanda April 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations in April 1969[39]
Main article: Burundi–Rwanda relations
  • Rwanda has an embassy in Bujumbura.
 Senegal January 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations in January 1969[37]
  • Senegal is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Ethiopia.[119]
 Sierra Leone 2 March 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 2016.[103]
  • Sierra Leone is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Ethiopia.[119]
 Somalia 1970
 South Africa 23 June 1995
 South Sudan 28 November 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 2012[99]
  • South Sudan is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda.[119]
 Sudan 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1970[43]
  • Sudan is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda.[119]
 Tanzania 9 September 1965 See Burundi–Tanzania relations
  • Burundi has an embassy in Dar es Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Bujumbura.
 Uganda 25 August 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1967 when has been accredited Ambassador of Burundi to Uganda (Resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. P. Mangona.[29]
 Zambia 13 March 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1973[48]

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Canada 27 March 1969
 Mexico 28 July 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1977[62]
  • Burundi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[131]
  • Mexico is accredited to Burundi from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate Bujumbura.[132]
 United States 1 July 1962[4] See Burundi-United States relations

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 China 21 December 1963 See Burundi–China relations

On December 21, 1963, the People's Republic of China established the diplomatic relations with the Republic of Burundi. But on January 29, 1965, the Burundi government unilaterally announced the break-up of the diplomatic relations with China. On October 13, 1971, the two countries restored the diplomatic relations and afterwards it has witnessed a favorable development.[13]

  • Burundi has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Bujumbura.
 India 1967 See Burundi–India relations
 Iran 31 March 1985 See See Burundi–Iran relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1985[73]

 Iraq 27 September 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1980 when Ambassador of Iraq Mr. Fakhri Ahmed Oasio presented his credentials to President of Burundi Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza.[68]
 Israel 22 December 1962[9] Diplomatic relations were broken off 16 May 1973 and resumption on 1 March 1995[138]
 Kuwait 16 January 1981 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1981 when ambassador of Burundi Mr. Julian Nahabo presented his credentials to Amir of Kuwait Shaikh Jaber.[70]
 North Korea 12 March 1967 See Burundi–North Korea relations
 South Korea 3 October 1991 Establishment of diplomatic Relations between South Korea and the Republic of Burundi was on 3 October 1991.[139] In October 1985 Minister of Finance Pierre Ngerngi attended the Annual General Meeting of the IMF and the IBRD in Seoul, Korea.[140]
 Vietnam 16 April 1973

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Belgium 18 July 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1962.[6]
 Cyprus 26 November 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 November 2001[90]
 Denmark 25 June 1965
  • Denmark is represented in Burundi, through its embassy in Kampala.[147]
  • Burundi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[148]
 Greece 1968 Greece is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda, while Uganda is represented in Greece through its embassy in Switzerland.[149]
 Italy 1967 Burundi and Italy maintain diplomatic relations and Italy is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda.[150]
 Netherlands 4 July 1962 The Netherlands have an embassy in Bujumbura.[151]
 Poland 8 August 1962 See Burundi–Poland relations
 Russia 1 October 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1962

See Burundi–Russia relations

 Spain 27 September 1966
  • Burundi is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Burundi from its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
 Turkey 30 April 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980[66]
  • Burundi has an embassy in Ankara.[152]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Bujumbura.[152]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 3.1 million USD in 2019 (Burundi's exports/imports: 0.5/2.6 million USD).[152]
 United Kingdom 1 July 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1962[3]
  • Burundi has an embassy in London,[153] located in Uganda House which houses the High Commission of Uganda.
  • The United Kingdom has a liaison office in Bujumbura.[154] This posting is subordinate to the British Embassy in Kigali, Rwanda.

Pacific

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia

Australia is represented in Burundi by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.[155][136]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). p. 46. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  2. ^ "MOFA: Japan-Burundi Relations (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  3. ^ a b The Diplomatic Service List Volume 5. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. p. 137. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Burundi". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  5. ^ "L'établissement de liens diplomatiques avec le date du 04/07/1962". Ambassade du Royaume des Pays-Bas au Burundi (in French). Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  6. ^ a b Belgisch staatsblad Issues 225-246 (in French and Dutch). 1962. p. 8743.
  7. ^ "Burundi". gov.pl. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  8. ^ "Les relations diplomatiques entre l'URSS et le Burundi ont été établies le 1 er octobre 1962". Embassy of Russia in Burundi in Facebook. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  9. ^ a b Bellon, Remi; Delfosse, Pierre (1970). Codes et lois du Burundi (in French). p. 40.
  10. ^ "Burundi: Steckbrief". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See". Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  12. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 49-50. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1963.
  13. ^ a b "Burundi". china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  14. ^ a b Europe, France outremer Issues 405-416 (in French). 1963. p. 51. Congo ( Léopoldville ) : Ambassadeur : M. Gilles Bimazubute
  15. ^ Études congolaises Volume 6 (in French). Institut politiques congolais and Center de recheret d'information socio-politiques. 1964. p. 71. 13 Janvier ... - M. Marcionelli, ambassadeur de Suisse , présente ses lettres de créance au Mwami Mwambutsa à Bujumbura .
  16. ^ a b Documents diplomatiques français Volume 1 (in French). France. Commission de publication des documents diplomatiques français. 2006. p. 140. M. K. Ameko, Ambassadeur du Ghana à Bujumbura depuis le 25 août 1964.
  17. ^ Bulletin de l'Institut international de droit des pays d'expression française Issues 1-9 (in French). The Institut. 1965. p. 62.
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  21. ^ a b Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 111-115. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1965. p. 12. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  22. ^ "Udenlandske diplomatiske og konsulære repræsentationer i Danmark" (PDF). Hof- og Statskalender 1966 (in Danish). p. [20]. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
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  24. ^ "Främmande makters beskickningar". Sveriges statskalender / 1970 / (in Swedish). p. 47. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  25. ^ "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
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  27. ^ Wertz, Daniel; Oh, JJ; Kim, Insung (August 2016). Issue Brief: DPRK Diplomatic Relations (PDF). The National Committee on North Korea. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  28. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 816. The new Guinean Ambassador to Rwanda and Burundi , M. Fily Cissoko , has presented his credentials to President Kayibanda and President Micombero respectively . ( Hor 28/6 )
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  64. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 6359-6408. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1980.
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  68. ^ a b Le Mois en Afrique Issues 170-179 (in French). 1980. p. 141.
  69. ^ a b Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Volume 36 (in French). 1980. p. 37. Le président Bagaza a reçu , le 21 décembre à Bujumbura , les lettres de créance des ambassadeurs suivants : ... Jean-Marie Ewenge (Congo) ...
  70. ^ a b MEED. - Volume 25, Issues 1-13. Economic East Economic Digest, Limited. 1981. p. 23.
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