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Foreign relations of Sierra Leone

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Sierra Leone maintains formal relations with many Western nations.[1] It also maintains diplomatic relations with the former Soviet Bloc countries as well as with the People's Republic of China.

The government maintains 16 embassies and high commissions around the world.[2]

Multilateral membership

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Former President Stevens' government had sought closer relations with West African countries under the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).[3] The present government is continuing this effort.

Sierra Leone is a member of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, the Commonwealth, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Development Bank (AFDB), the Mano River Union (MRU), the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

Sierra Leone is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

Sierra Leone is a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Sierra Leone maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  Canada 27 April 1961[4]
2  Egypt 27 April 1961[5]
3  France 27 April 1961[6]
4  Ghana 27 April 1961[7]
5  Israel 27 April 1961[8]
6  Japan 27 April 1961[9]
7  Lebanon 27 April 1961[10]
8  Nigeria 27 April 1961[11]
9  United Kingdom 27 April 1961[12]
10  United States 27 April 1961[13]
11  India 28 April 1961[14]
12  Belgium 12 July 1961[15]
13  Germany 5 September 1961[16]
14  Guinea 20 October 1961[17]
15  Benin 1961[18]
16  Burkina Faso 1961[18]
17  Ivory Coast 1961[18]
18  Niger 1961[18]
19  Pakistan 1961[19]
20  Russia 18 January 1962[20]
21  Netherlands 22 February 1962[21]
22  Liberia 8 June 1962[22]
23  South Korea 25 June 1962[23]
24  Sudan 19 August 1962[24]
25  Bulgaria 28 September 1962[25]
26  Senegal 26 October 1962[26]
27  Poland 10 November 1962[27]
28  Italy 1962[28]
29  Mali 1962[29]
30  Sweden 1962[30]
31   Switzerland 1962[31]
32  Czech Republic 3 January 1963[32]
33  Serbia 25 September 1963[33]
34  Morocco 14 November 1963[34]
35  Romania 15 January 1964[35]
36  Spain 6 March 1964[36]
37  Syria 29 November 1964[37]
38  Madagascar 5 November 1966[38]
39  Gambia 10 December 1966[39]
40  Jamaica 15 November 1967[40]
41  Ethiopia 26 March 1968[41]
42  Lesotho 22 October 1968[42]
43  Hungary 10 November 1969[43]
44  Norway 20 July 1970[44]
45  Luxembourg 13 October 1970[45]
46  Turkey 15 February 1971[46]
47  Zambia 19 February 1971[47]
48  China 29 July 1971[48]
49  North Korea 14 October 1971[49]
50  Mauritania 21 October 1971[50]
51  Tanzania 3 November 1971[51]
52  Algeria 7 April 1972[52]
53  Cuba 24 April 1972[53]
54  Saudi Arabia 1 July 1972[54]
55  Denmark 22 January 1973[55]
56  Uganda 10 September 1973[56]
57  Brazil 9 August 1974[57]
58  Argentina 6 September 1974[58]
59  Guyana 25 October 1974[59]
60  Democratic Republic of the Congo 20 January 1975[60]
61  Guinea-Bissau 28 January 1975[61]
62  Portugal 18 February 1975[62]
63  Austria 1 March 1975[63]
64  Trinidad and Tobago 17 July 1975[64]
65  Libya 18 November 1975[65]
66  Bangladesh 22 January 1976[66]
67  Mozambique 12 March 1976[67]
68  Mexico 30 June 1976[68]
69  Albania 23 August 1976[69]
70  Cameroon 30 September 1976[70]
71  Cape Verde 8 January 1978[71]
72  Vietnam 24 June 1978[72]
73  Kenya 16 January 1979[73]
74  Greece 15 May 1979[74]
75  Kuwait 1980[75]
76  Qatar 1980[76]
77  Australia 2 December 1981[77]
78  United Arab Emirates 5 October 1982[78]
79  Oman 10 December 1982[79]
80  Thailand 24 December 1982[80]
81  Iran 12 March 1983[81]
82  Equatorial Guinea March 1983[82]
83  Maldives 14 June 1988[83]
84  Colombia 16 November 1988[80]
85  Peru 15 May 1989[80]
86  Venezuela 29 October 1990[84]
87  Malaysia 28 January 1991[85]
88  Philippines 3 April 1991[86]
89  Indonesia 15 November 1994[87]
90  Azerbaijan 13 March 1995[88]
91  Brunei 10 July 1995[80]
92  Slovakia 21 May 1996[80]
—  Holy See 30 July 1996[89]
93  Georgia 7 April 1997[90]
94  North Macedonia 17 July 1998[91]
95  South Africa 21 August 1998[92]
96  Ukraine 20 May 1999[93]
97  Ireland 19 January 2000[80]
98  Cyprus 22 November 2000[80]
99  Malta 16 October 2001[80]
100  Namibia 18 September 2002[94]
101  Croatia 23 July 2003[80]
102  Belarus 27 September 2003[80]
103  Armenia 19 March 2004[95]
104  Angola 1 November 2004[96]
105  Bahamas 7 November 2006[80]
106  Iceland 13 November 2006[80]
107  Finland 17 June 2008[80]
108  New Zealand 5 March 2009[97]
109  Uruguay 22 September 2010[80]
110  Cambodia 7 October 2010[80]
111  Estonia 10 May 2011[98]
112  Slovenia 10 May 2011[80]
113  Zimbabwe 19 April 2012[99]
114  Jordan 3 December 2012[100]
115  Singapore 9 April 2013[101]
116  Mongolia 27 September 2013[102]
117  Sri Lanka 16 November 2013[103]
118  Rwanda 29 November 2013[104]
119  Lithuania 15 April 2014[80]
120  Montenegro 8 October 2014[80]
121  Kazakhstan 20 November 2014[80]
122  Latvia 12 December 2014[80]
123  Fiji 6 February 2015[80]
124  Ecuador 12 February 2015[80]
125  Botswana 16 February 2015[105]
126  Bosnia and Herzegovina 24 November 2015[80]
—  Kosovo (suspended) 24 November 2015[106]
127  Burundi 2 March 2016[107]
128  Malawi 8 March 2016[108]
129  Kyrgyzstan 1 November 2016[80]
—  State of Palestine 6 December 2017[109]
130  Turkmenistan 15 June 2020[110]
131  Nicaragua 25 September 2020[80]
132  Tajikistan 2 October 2020[80]
133  Chad 13 February 2020[111]
134  Grenada 24 February 2021[80]
135    Nepal 29 June 2021[80]
136  Belize 23 September 2021[80]
137  Bahrain 8 June 2022[80]
138  Moldova 18 August 2022[80]
139  Dominican Republic 19 September 2022[80]
140  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12 April 2023[112]
141  Uzbekistan 28 April 2023[80]
142  El Salvador 18 September 2023[80]
143  Saint Lucia 20 September 2023[80]
144  Eswatini Unknown
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Unknown[113]
145  South Sudan Unknown[114]
146  Togo Unknown
147  Tunisia Unknown
148  Yemen Unknown

Bilateral relations

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Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria 7 April 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 April 1972 when Mr Zitouni Messaudi, the first Algerian Ambassador, presented his credentials to President Stevens[52]
 Angola 1 November 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 2004 when Ambassador of Sierra Leone, Alhaji Mohammed Bayoh, presented his credentials to Angola's President Jose Eduardo dos Santos.[96]
 Bangladesh 22 January 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1976 when has been accredited High Commissioner of Bangladesh to Sierra Leone Mr. M. Anwarul Haq.[66]
 Belgium 12 July 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1961 when M. G. Walravens was appointed as first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Belgium to Sierra Leone ( with residence in Abidjan)[15]
  • Belgium is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
  • Sierra Leone has an embassy in Brussels.
 Burundi 2 March 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 2016 when Ambassador of Sierra Leone (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Osman Keh Kamara presented his credentials to President of Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza.[107]
 Canada 27 April 1961 See Canada–Sierra Leone relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961

 China 29 July 1971 See China–Sierra Leone relations

China and Sierra Leone established diplomatic relations on July 29, 1971.[48]

 Denmark 22 January 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1973 when has been accredited Ambassador of Sierra Leone to Denmark (resident in London) Mr. Jacob Arthur Christian Davies.[55]
 France
  • France is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Conakry, Guinea.
  • Sierra Leone is accredited to France from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
 Germany
  • Germany has an embassy in Freetown.
  • Sierra Leone has an embassy in Berlin.
 Guinea 20 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1961 when Mr. Abdoul Karim , Ambassador of Sierra Leone to Guinea presented his credentials to President Sekou Toure.[17]
 Guinea-Bissau 28 January 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1975 when has been accredited Ambassador of Guinea-Bissau to Sierra Leone Mr. Alexander Nunes Correia.[61]
 India 28 April 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1961[14]

See India–Sierra Leone relations

 Indonesia 15 November 1994
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1994[87]
  • Sierra Leone is accredited to Indonesia through its embassy in Beijing, China and is planning to open an embassy in Jakarta.
  • Indonesia is accredited to Sierra Leone, through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.[117]
 Israel 27 April 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations with the independence of Sierra Leone on 27 April 1961, the Israel consulate in Freetown became an embassy.[8]Sierra Leone broken diplomatic relations with Israel on 27 October 1973.[118]Diplomatic relations were re-established on 27 May 1992[119]
 Kenya 16 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1979[120]
 Lebanon 27 April 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when Sierra Leone attained independence the Lebanese Ambassador to Liberia was also appointed Ambassador to Sierra Leone. The consulate was changed into an Embassy and Mr. Hazou became Charge d'Affaires.[10]
 Lesotho 22 October 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1968 when first High Commissioner of Lesotho to Sierra Leone Mr. C. D. Molapo has presented his credentials to Governor General Mr. Justice Banja Tejan-Sie[42]
 Liberia 8 June 1962 See Liberia–Sierra Leone relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1962 when has been appointed first ambassador of Liberia to Sierra Leone Mr. Henry B. Fahnbulleh.[22]

 Madagascar 5 November 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1966 when Dr. Rakoto-Ratsimamanga, the first Malagasy Ambassador to Sierra Leone with residence in Paris, presented his credentials.[38]
 Mauritania 21 October 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1971 when first Ambassador of Mauritania to Sierra Leone, Mr. Dey Ould Brahim, has presented his credentials to President Stevens[50]
 Mexico 30 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1976[68]
  • Mexico is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.[123]
  • Sierra Leone does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
 Namibia 18 September 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2002 when has been accredited High Commissioner of Sierra Leone to Namibia (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Melvin Humpah Chalobah.[94]
 Netherlands
  • the Netherlands is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Sierra Leone is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
 Nigeria 27 April 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran[11]
 Poland
  • Poland is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Sierra Leone does not have an embassy accredited to Poland.
 Russia
  • Russia is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Conakry, Guinea.
  • Sierra Leone has an embassy in Moscow.
 Spain 6 March 1964 See Sierra Leone–Spain relations
  • Sierra Leone is accredited to Spain from its embassy in London, the United Kingdom.
  • Spain is accredited to Sierra Leone from its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.
 Tanzania 3 November 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1971 when Tanzania's High Commissioner to Sierra Leone , Mr. Frederick Rutakyanirwa , presented his credentials to President Stevens.[51]
 Trinidad and Tobago 17 July 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1975 when accredited first High Commissioner of Trinidad and Tobago to Sierra Leone (resident in Lagos) Mr. J.S.Donaldson[64]
 Turkey 15 February 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1971[46]
 Uganda 10 September 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1973 when Brigadier Shaban Opolot, Uganda's first ambassador to Sierra Leone, has presented his credentials to President Stevens.[56]
 United Kingdom 27 April 1961 See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

Sierra Leone established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom in April 1961.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,[126] the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[127]

 United States 27 April 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961[13]

See Sierra Leone–United States relations

Embassy of Sierra Leone in Washington, D.C.

U.S. relations with Sierra Leone began with missionary activities in the 19th century. In 1959, the U.S. opened a consulate in Freetown and elevated it to embassy status when Sierra Leone became independent in 1961. U.S.-Sierra Leone relations today are cordial, with ethnic ties between groups in the two countries receiving increasing historical interest. Many thousands of Sierra Leoneans reside in the United States.

In fiscal year 2006, total U.S. bilateral aid to Sierra Leone in all categories were $29.538 million. U.S. assistance focused on the consolidation of peace, democracy and human rights, health education, particularly combating HIV/AIDS, and human resources development.

Currently, the Principal U.S. Official in Sierra Leone is Chargé d'Affaires Glenn Fedzer [128] Sierra Leone's Ambassador to the U.S. is H. E. Bockari Kortu Stevens and the Sierra Leone embassy is located in Washington.[129]

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

 Zambia 19 February 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1971 when first High Commissioner of Zambia Mr. Siteke G. Mwale presented his credentials to the Governor General of Sierra Leone Sir Banja Tejan-Sie[47]

International disputes

[edit]

Large UN peacekeeping presence ended civil war, however rebel gang fighting, ethnic rivalries, illegal diamond trading, corruption, and refugees spill over into neighboring states that are beset with their own civil disorders, refugees, and violence.

Notes

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Foreign Embassies and Consulates in Sierra Leone". Archived from the original on 2010-03-04. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  2. ^ "Sierra Leone Diplomatic and Consular Missions Abroad". Archived from the original on 2010-05-14. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  3. ^ "Foreign policy - Sierra Leone - issues".
  4. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Egypt and Sierra Leone". State Information Service Egypt. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Liste chronologique des ambassadeurs, envoyes extraordinaires, ministres plenipotentiaires et charges d'affaires de France a l'etranger depuis 1945" (PDF). diplomatie.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  7. ^ Commonwealth Papers. University of London. Institute of Commonwealth Studies. 1974. p. 76.
  8. ^ a b Israel Government Year-book - Volume 5722. Government Printer. 1961. p. 170.
  9. ^ "Japan-Sierra Leone Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  10. ^ a b H. L. van der Laan (2019). The Lebanese Traders in Sierra Leone. De Gruyter. p. 309.
  11. ^ a b John Mamman Garba (1998). The Time Has Come ... Reminiscences and Reflections of a Nigerian Pioneer Diplomat. Spectrum Books. p. 220.
  12. ^ The Commonwealth Relations Office Year Book, Volume 13. Great Britain. Office of Commonwealth Relations. 1964. p. 512. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  13. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Sierra Leone". Office of the Historian Department of State USA. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  14. ^ a b Asian Recorder - Volume 7. 1961. p. 3974.
  15. ^ a b Belgisch staatsblad - Issues 235-286 (in Dutch). 1961. p. 8366.
  16. ^ "The Sierra Leone - German Connection 1787 - 1987 An Overview" (PDF). p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  17. ^ a b Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 61.
  18. ^ a b c d Les Élites africaines Volume 2 (in French). Édiafric. 1972. p. 93. COFFI Pierre C. Ivoire Ambassadeur des Etats du Conseil de l'Entente au Libéria et en Sierra- Leone ( 1961-1969 ) ;
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  20. ^ George Ginsberg, Robert M. Slusser (1981). A Calendar of Soviet Treaties: 1958-1973. Springer Netherlands. p. 165.
  21. ^ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1961. p. 99.
  22. ^ a b Asia & Africa Review Volumes 2-3. Independent Publishing Company. 1962. p. 22.
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  26. ^ Afrika heute (in German). Deutsche Afrika-Gesellschaft. 1962. p. 210. Sierra - Leone und die Republik Senegal haben diplomatische Beziehungen zueinander aufgenommen . Der erste Botschafter des Senegal in Sierra - Leone ist Dr. Amadou Lamine Sall ...
  27. ^ Ustrój społeczno-polityczny PRL wybór dokumentów i materiałow (in Polish). Akad. Górniczo-Hutnicza Im. S. Staszica. 1970. p. 437.
  28. ^ Relazioni internazionali Volume 26 (in Italian). Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale. 1962. p. 739.
  29. ^ Europe, France outremer Issues 393-404 (in French). 1962. p. 146.
  30. ^ "Sveriges statskalender / 1963 / Sierra Leone" (in Swedish). p. 308. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  31. ^ Staats-kalender der Schweizerischen eidgenossenschaft Annuaire de la Confédération suisse. Annuario della Confederazione svizzera (in German). Switzerland. Bundeskanzlei, Switzerland. Militärdepartment. 1962. p. 56.
  32. ^ Pavol Petruf (2007). "Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992" (PDF) (in Slovak). p. 107. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
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  38. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1966. p. 657.
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  40. ^ "Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Jamaica. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  41. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 2701-2756. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1968. p. 6.
  42. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1968. p. 1205.
  43. ^ Hungary. Pannonia Press. 1971.
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  49. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK (The National Committee on North Korea). August 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
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  51. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1971. p. 2279.
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  82. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1984. Часть II. Выпуск двадцать восьмой" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 351. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
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  85. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts The Far East. Part III · Part 3. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1991. pp. A-40.
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