Stanisław Gebhardt
Stanisław Gebhardt | |
|---|---|
| Born | Stanisław Mieczysław Gebhardt 13 July 1928 |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Occupation(s) | economist, political thinker and activist |
| Known for | International activism in the Christian democratic movement and institutions |
| Notable work | 'Democratici democristian e riflessioni' 'The Christian Democratic Union of Central Europe' |
| Parent(s) | Henryka Welfe, Stanisław Gebhardt |
Stanisław Mieczysław Gebhardt (born 13 July 1928) is a Polish former Resistance fighter, economist, émigré political activist, international social entrepreneur, and veteran member of the Christian democratic movement. Since his return to Poland after the Fall of the Berlin Wall, he has been associated with centre-right politics and regarded as a political historian.[1]
He has received the Order of Bernardo O' Higgins.
Background
[edit]Gebhardt was born in Poznan, the second child of a Polish Christian army medical officer, also Stanisław Gebhardt, and his wife Henryka, née Welfe. His father died in 1930 as a result of wounds sustained during World War I and the family moved to Kraków, where he attended school. After the outbreak of World War II, he became a scout and joined the Szare Szeregi. From 1943, aged 15, he became a partisan member of the Home Army. In 1944 he was arrested by the Gestapo and was imprisoned first in Montelupich Prison, followed by incarceration in Groß-Rosen and Mauthausen concentration camps. Upon liberation he returned to his home city to resume schooling.[2] In 1946 he escaped through the old Polish-Romanian border and travelled south to Italy to join the ranks of the II Corps (Poland) with whom he reached the United Kingdom. The Polish Resettlement Corps enabled him to complete his school leaving certificate at Riddlesworth, Norfolk in 1948.[2]
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Student politics
[edit]In 1951 he became a member of the European Youth Parliament and became active in the International Union of Young Christian Democrats. Two years later he was awarded a bachelor's degree in economics by the Polish University Abroad and later attended further courses at City University London. In 1950 he met the young broadcaster journalist, Édouard Bobrowski, born in Turkey of Polish parents, who became General Secretary of the Paris-based Youth Section of the Central European Union of Christian Democrats.[1] He moved to Paris to further his social and political studies at Sciences Po and continue his activism.[3] While in Paris one of his projects was to help re-organise the money supply in the Vietnamese economy. He also tried his hand at broadcast journalism with the Polish section of Voice of America. In 1956 from his European base, he began his career as an economic adviser working mainly in Latin America and in Ghana.
International activism
[edit]From 1954 to 1985 he remained on the committees of the exiled Stronnictwo Pracy (Labour Party). Between 1962 and 1976 he was engaged in the centre Esperienze Internazionali to study the functioning of democratic systems and international repercussions in Rome. From 1963 to 1972 he was also a director of the International Solidarity Foundation based in Rome.[2] It gave him the opportunity to collaborate with the émigré Polish statesman and leading Christian democrat, Karol Popiel.
In 1964 when his friend Jerzy Kulczycki, founded the émigré publishing house, Odnowa, in London he invited Gebhardt to become a director of the company with the brief to finance and distribute in Poland titles banned under state censorship. The operation proved a success exporting to the then communist country forbidden authors, including George Orwell,[4] Józef Garliński, Karol Popiel and Jan Nowak-Jeziorański.[5]
As Polish representative of political organisations Gebhardt entered the international arena of Christian Democrat activism and in his youth worked alongside statesmen such as Robert Schuman.[6]
In 1990 in Bratislava he was appointed vice president of the Christian Democratic Union of Central Europe, a position he held for four years.[7] In 1991 at the Brussels convention he was appointed vice president of the Christian Democrats International.[1]
Return to democratic Poland
[edit]On his return to Poland in 1990 he was involved in the reactivated "Stronnictwo Pracy 1989", whose vice president he became. In 1995 he was made vice president of Ruch Odbudowy Polski. In 1994 he became president of the Ignacy Paderewski Foundation to Rebuild Democracy and Head of the Silesian Development Corporation.
In June 2020 the Polish Culture minister, Piotr Gliński appointed him chair of the Programmes Committee of the Institute for Legacy of Polish National Thought.[8]
Personal life
[edit]He has been married three times. The first two marriages produced a son each and the last, two sons.
Distinctions
[edit]- In 1989 president Ryszard Kaczorowski (Polish government-in-exile) promoted him to Second lieutenant of the Polish Armed Forces
- In 1990 he was made a knight of the Order of Polonia Restituta[9]
- In 2016 president Andrzej Duda made him a commander of the Order of Polonia Restituta[10]
- Medal Zasłużony Kulturze Gloria Artis[11]
- On 3 May 2023 President Duda awarded him Poland's highest and oldest decoration, the Order of the White Eagle[12]
Other decorations:
- Order of Bernardo O'Higgins Chile
- Order of the Liberator Venezuela
- Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Commendatore) Italy
- Krzyż Walecznych Poland
- Krzyż Zasługi z Mieczami Poland
- Krzyż Armii Krajowej Poland
- Medal Wojska Poland
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Kaiser, Wolfram; Kosicki, Piotr (2021). Political Exile in the Global Twentieth Century: Catholic Christian Democrats in Europe and the Americas. Belgium: S.l.: LEUVEN UNIVERSITY PRESS. p. 21. ISBN 978-946-27030-70.
- ^ a b c "Rada Programowa". Instytut Dziedzictwa Myśli Narodowej im. Romana Dmowskiego i Ignacego Paderewskiego (in Polish). Retrieved 27 January 2022.
- ^ "Granice jednoczonej Europy". gosc.pl (in Polish). 14 November 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ [1] Odnova Ltd.
- ^ Szukała, Michał (2016). "Atakować książką". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ "Prezes Centrum Myśli Chrześcijańsko-Społeczniej prof. Stanisław Gebhardt, współpracownik Roberta Schumana, z gościnnym wykładem na SGH". imschuman.com. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ Pegklis, Michalis (2016). The evolution of the European People's Party after the integration of parties from Western and Eastern Europe. Lessons to be learned for European Integration and the development of Europarties (PDF). Thessaloniki: University of Macedonia. p. 139. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
- ^ "Prezydent: Instytut Dziedzictwa Myśli Narodowej musi przywrócić pamięć i zasłużone dobre imię ruchu narodowego i chrześcijańskiego". wpolityce.pl (in Polish). 26 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ "Komunikat o nadaniu Orderu Odrodzenia Polski z dnia 11 listopada 1990 roku" (PDF). Gazetteer Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). 4: 59. 20 December 1990. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
- ^ "Obchody 1050-lecia Chrztu Polski na Dolnym Śląsku". prezydent.pl (in Polish). 9 October 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ "Prof. Stanisław Gebhardt przewodniczącym Rady Programowej Instytutu Dziedzictwa Myśli Narodowej". dzieje.pl (in Polish). 25 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ^ Rajfur, Maciej. "Profesor Stanislaw Gebhardt otrzymał Order Orła Białego". wroclaw.gosc.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 14 May 2023.
Bibliography
[edit]- Aldrich, Richard J. (1997). 'OSS, CIA and European unity: The American committee on United Europe, 1948-60'. Diplomacy and Statecraft. 8:1, 184 — 227. DOI: 10.1080/09592299708406035 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592299708406035
- Gebhardt, S. (2008). 'Democratici democristian e riflessioni' (Demochristian Democrats reflections). pl.it – rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi. vol. 2. pp. 652–663. Associazione Italiana Polonisti (AIP). (in Italian)
- Gebhardt S. (2018). 'The Christian Democratic Union of Central Europe'. in Kosicki P., Łukasiewicz S. (ed.) Christian Democracy Across the Iron Curtain. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64087-7_15
- Kosicki, Piotr; Lukasiewicz, Slawomir (2018). Christian Democracy Across the Iron Curtain: Europe Redefined. Springer International, Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9783319877198.
External links
[edit]- Polish Exhibition on Robert Schuman and his mission, with a group photograph, from a 1957 convention, featuring Schuman and Gebhardt in the first row.
- "Rada Programowa". idmn.pl. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- "Gebhardt's speech to the Italian Labour Party". radioradicale.it (in Italian). 1995. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
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- 1928 births
- Polish resistance members of World War II
- Gross-Rosen concentration camp survivors
- Mauthausen concentration camp survivors
- 20th-century Polish politicians
- Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom
- Living people
- International finance economists
- People from Poznań Voivodeship (1921–1939)
- Labor Party (Stronnictwo Pracy) politicians
- Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- Officers of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
- Recipients of the Gold Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis
- Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
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