Timeline of Guangzhou

The following is a timeline of the history of the Chinese city of Guangzhou, also formerly known as Panyu,^{[citation needed]} Canton, and Kwang-chow.^[1]^[2]

Nanyue

214 BCE – Panyu established as a Qin base during Zhao Tuo's first failed invasion of the southern lands of the Baiyue
204 BCE – Panyu becomes the capital of Zhao Tuo's kingdom of Nanyue.

Imperial China

111 BCE – Panyu becomes a provincial capital of the Han dynasty after the Han–Nanyue War as the Han expands southward.
226 CE – Panyu becomes the seat of Guang Prefecture ("Guangzhou").
401 – Guangxiao Temple first established as the "Baoen Guangziao" Temple.^[3]
537 – Temple of the Six Banyan Trees built.
878–879 — Guangzhou massacre instigated by forces loyal to Huang Chao
1350 – Huaisheng Mosque rebuilt.^[4]
1380 – Zhenhai Tower built.^{[citation needed]}
1516 – Portuguese merchants arrive.^[5]

1600 – Pazhou Pagoda built.
1619 – Chigang Pagoda built.
1684 – British East India Company in business.^[6]

1821 – Xigutang literary society formed.^[7]
1822 - Fire.^[8]
1827 – The Canton Register, an English-language newspaper, begins publication.^[9]^[10]
1832 – Jardine, Matheson and Co. in business.
1834 – Wetmore & Co. in business.^[11]
1835 – The Canton Press, an English-language newspaper, begins publication.^[9]
1840 – Augustine Heard and Company in business.^[11]
1841
- February 27: Battle of First Bar.
- March 2: Battle of Whampoa.
- March 18: Battle of Canton
- May: Second Battle of Canton.
1842 – City designated a treaty port under the Treaty of Nanking.^[6]
1848 – Apostolic Vicariate of Guangdong-Guangxi established.
1856
- British/French occupation begins.^[6]
- Thirteen Factories set on fire.^[11]
1859 – Shameen Island divided into French and British concessions.^[6]
1861 – British/French occupation ends.^[6]
1863 – Sacred Heart Cathedral built.
1866 – Yu Yin Shan Fang garden laid out.^[12]
1879
- City area: 6.5 square kilometers (approximate).^[13]
- Population: 400,000 (estimate).^[13]
1894
- Plague (3rd Pandemic).
- Chen Clan Academy built.
1895 – First Guangzhou uprising
1908 – Guangzhou North Railway Station opens.
1911
- Kowloon–Canton Railway begins operating.
- Second Guangzhou Uprising

Republic of China

The Shakee Massacre on June 23, 1925, resulted in over two hundred casualties due to gunfire by British, French and Portuguese forces in Shaji (called Shake in Cantonese)
1918 – Urban council established.^{[citation needed]}
1923
- June: National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party held in Guangzhou.^[14]
- Kuomintang in power.^[15]
1924
- Peasant Movement Training Institute and Whampoa Military Academy open.
- Canton Merchant Volunteers Corps Uprising.
- National Kwangtung University established.
1927 – December 11–13: Communist uprising.^[16]
1931 – Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall built.
1932
- Guangzhou Baiyun Airport opens in Baiyun District.
- Guangzhou Conservatory of Music founded.
1933 – Haizhu Bridge constructed.
1936
- Canton–Hankou Railway begins operating.
- Population: 1,122,600 (estimate).^[6]
1938 – October 21: Japanese occupation begins.^[6]
1945 – September 16: Japanese occupation ends.^[17]
1949
- Nationalist government under the acting president Li Zongren relocates to Guangzhou.
- Nanfang Daily newspaper begins publication.

People's Republic of China

1949
- October: Communist forces enter city.
- Radio Guangdong begins broadcasting.
1952 – Guangzhou Daily newspaper begins publication.
1954
- Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club formed.
- South China Institute of Botany active.^[18]
1956 – Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine founded.
1957
- Beijing–Guangzhou Railway in operation.
- Canton Fair begins.
- Guangzhou Symphony Orchestra founded.
- Population: 1,840,000.^[19]
1958
- Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts in operation.
- Jinan University relocates to Guangzhou.
1959 – Guangdong Provincial Museum founded.
1964 – Population: 3,031,486.^[20]
1967 – Renmin Bridge built.
1981 - Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.^[21]
1982
- Guangzhou Library and Liyuan Poetry Society established.^[22]
- Population: 3,181,510 city; 5,669,640 urban agglomeration.^[23]
1983 – Mausoleum of the Nanyue King discovered.^[24]
1984
- Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone established.
- City designated sub-provincial city administrative status.
- Southern Weekly newspaper begins publication.
1985
- Zhujiang Brewery begins operation.
- Guangzhou Bridge built.
1988
- Haiyin Bridge built.
- Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King opens.
1990
- Guangdong International Building constructed.
- Avon begins hiring ladies in Guangzhou.^[25]
- Population: 6,299,943.^[26]
1991
- Guangzhou TV Tower erected.
- November: 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup held.
1992 – Guangzhou Free Trade Zone established.^[27]
1996 – Guangzhou East railway station opens.
1997
- Guangzhou Metro begins operating.
- CITIC Plaza and Humen Pearl River Bridge built.
- Southern Metropolis Daily begins publication.
- Xiangjiang Safari Park opens.
1998 – Hedong Bridge, Jiangwan Bridge, Jiefang Bridge, and Huanan Bridge open.^{[citation needed]}
2000 – Yajisha Bridge opens.
2001
- Guangdong Olympic Stadium opens.
- November: Chinese National Games held in Guangzhou.
2002
- Vitamin Creative Space founded.^[28]
- Population: 10,106,229.^[26]
2003
- Zhang Guangning becomes mayor.
- Pazhou Bridge opens.
2004
- Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport opens in Huadu District.
- Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center built.
- Guangzhou International Women's Open tennis tournament begins.
2006 – Chime-Long Paradise amusement park in business.
2008 – Huangpu Bridge and Xinguang Bridge open.
2009 – Liede Bridge opens.
2010
- Canton Tower and Guangzhou International Finance Center built.
- November: 2010 Asian Games held.
- Guangzhou Opera House, Guangdong Museum, and Guangzhou South Railway Station open.
- Wan Qingliang becomes mayor.
- Guangzhou Television Cantonese controversy.
- Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit system launched.^[29]
2011
- Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway begins operating.
- Pearl River Tower built.
- Chen Jianhua becomes mayor.
2012 – Leatop Plaza and The Pinnacle built.
2013 - Air pollution in Guangzhou reaches annual mean of 48 PM2.5 and 72 PM10, more than recommended.^[30]
2021 - 2021 Guangzhou bombing.

Notes

^ EB (1878), p. 37.
^ EB (1911), p. 218.
^ IDHP (1996).
^ ArchNet.org. "Guangzhou". USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
^ Szczesniak (1956).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Webster's (1960).
^ Hiromasa (1986).
^ Chronologies (1990), "Fires".
^ ^a ^b "Guangzhou Newspapers", WorldCat, Online Computer Library Center, retrieved 14 March 2013
^ Slade, John (1835), Canton Register, Vol. VIII
^ ^a ^b ^c Farris (2007).
^ Keswick (2003).
^ ^a ^b Lo & al. (1977).
^ Dictionary of the CCP (2012), p. 15.
^ Paulès (2009).
^ Dirlik (1997).
^ CCAHC (2000).
^ "Garden Search: China". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Canton{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "部分年份城乡人口分布", 广东省志：人口志 (in Chinese), Local Records Office of Guangdong, retrieved 4 August 2011
^ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". City of Los Angeles. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^ Lam (2007).
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Guangzhou", China, Lonely Planet, retrieved 14 March 2013
^ Kristof, Nicholas (3 May 1992), "Guangzhou: Let a Thousand Lipsticks Bloom", New York Times
^ ^a ^b 广州市商业网点发展规划主报告（2003—2012） (PDF), Beijing: Department of Market System Development, Chinese Ministry of Commerce, retrieved 4 August 2011
^ UN (2005).
^ "China". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
^ Komanoff, Charles (15 March 2010), "Postcard From a Guangzhou Traffic Jam", New York Times
^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

John Stewart Bowman, ed. (2000), Columbia Chronologies of Asian History & Culture, Columbia University Press.
Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1878), "Canton" , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 37–39
Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1911), "Canton" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 218–220.
Sullivan, Lawrence R. (2012), Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-7225-7.
Schellinger; Salkin, eds. (1996), International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046
Wetterau, Bruce (1990), New York Public Library Book of Chronologies, New York: Prentice Hall, OL 1885709M.
Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M.
Dirlik, Arif (1997), "Narrativizing Revolution: The Guangzhou Uprising (11-13 December 1927) in Workers' Perspective", Modern China, vol. 23
Farris, Jonathan A. (2007), "Thirteen Factories of Canton: An Architecture of Sino-Western Collaboration and Confrontation", Buildings & Landscapes, vol. 14
Hiromasa, Inoue (1986), "Wu Lanxiu and Society in Guangzhou on the Eve of the Opium War", Modern China, vol. 12
Keswick, Maggie (2003), The Chinese Garden, Frances Lincoln Publishers, ISBN 9780711220317
Lam Lap (2007), "The Revival of Classical-Style Poetry Writing: A Field Study of Poetry Societies in Guangzhou", Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews, vol. 29
Lo Chor-Pang Pannell, Clifton W.; Welch, Roy (1977), "Land Use Changes and City Planning in Shenyang and Canton", Geographical Review, vol. 67.
Paulès, Xavier (2009), "Opium in the City: A Spatial Study of Guangzhou's Opium Houses, 1923–1936", Modern China, vol. 35
Szczesniak, Boleslaw (1956), "Pictorials of Contempt: A Note on the British in Mid-19th Century Canton", Monumenta Serica, vol. 15
United Nations (2005), Free Trade Zone and Port Hinterland Development, United Nations Publications, ISBN 9789211204346.

Attribution This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia, Dutch Wikipedia, and the Japanese Wikipedia.

External links

Items related to Guangzhou and Canton, various dates (via Europeana).
"(Works related to Guangzhou)". V&A Collections. London: Victoria and Albert Museum.
Items related to Guangzhou and Canton, China, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).

[FOOTNOTE''EB''187837-1] EB (1878), p. 37.

[FOOTNOTE''EB''1911218-2] EB (1911), p. 218.

[FOOTNOTE''IDHP''1996-3] IDHP (1996).

[archnet-4] ArchNet.org. "Guangzhou". USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2013.

[FOOTNOTESzczesniak1956-5] Szczesniak (1956).

[webster1960-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Webster's (1960).

[FOOTNOTEHiromasa1986-7] Hiromasa (1986).

[FOOTNOTE''Chronologies''1990[httpsarchiveorgstreamnewyorkpubliclib00wettpage510mode1up_"Fires"]-8] Chronologies (1990), "Fires".

[worldcat-9] "Guangzhou Newspapers", WorldCat, Online Computer Library Center, retrieved 14 March 2013

[10] Slade, John (1835), Canton Register, Vol. VIII

[FOOTNOTEFarris2007-11] Farris (2007).

[FOOTNOTEKeswick2003-12] Keswick (2003).

[FOOTNOTELo_&_al.1977-13] Lo & al. (1977).

[FOOTNOTE''Dictionary_of_the_CCP''2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidg0PjFe5i0iECpgPR15_15]-14] Dictionary of the CCP (2012), p. 15.

[FOOTNOTEPaulès2009-15] Paulès (2009).

[FOOTNOTEDirlik1997-16] Dirlik (1997).

[FOOTNOTE''CCAHC''2000-17] CCAHC (2000).

[botanic-18] "Garden Search: China". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[19] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Canton{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[gdpplannal-20] "部分年份城乡人口分布", 广东省志：人口志 (in Chinese), Local Records Office of Guangdong, retrieved 4 August 2011

[21] "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". City of Los Angeles. Retrieved 30 December 2015.

[FOOTNOTELam2007-22] Lam (2007).

[23] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[planet-24] "Guangzhou", China, Lonely Planet, retrieved 14 March 2013

[25] Kristof, Nicholas (3 May 1992), "Guangzhou: Let a Thousand Lipsticks Bloom", New York Times

[1990ppl-26] 广州市商业网点发展规划主报告（2003—2012） (PDF), Beijing: Department of Market System Development, Chinese Ministry of Commerce, retrieved 4 August 2011

[FOOTNOTEUN2005-27] UN (2005).

[NewMuseum-28] "China". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 2 December 2013.

[29] Komanoff, Charles (15 March 2010), "Postcard From a Guangzhou Traffic Jam", New York Times

[30] World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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v t e Guangzhou
Administrative divisions	Yuexiu Liwan Haizhu Tianhe Baiyun Huangpu Huadu Panyu Nansha New Area Free-Trade Zone Conghua Zengcheng Defunct divisions Dongshan Fangcun Luogang
Attractions	Baiyun Mountain Xiguan Shamian Island Chen Clan Ancestral Hall Litchi Bay Guangdong Museum Temple of the Six Banyan Trees Zhenhai Tower The Memorial Museum of Generalissimo Sun Yat-sen's Mansion Sacred Heart Cathedral Huaisheng Mosque Guangxiao Temple Chigang Pagoda Canton Tower Canton Fair Pazhou Pagoda Chimelong Paradise Museum of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the Nanyue King Peasant Movement Institute Shopping malls Teem Plaza Taikoo Hui Grandview Mall Happy Valley CITIC Plaza Whampoa Military Academy Nansha Tianhou Palace Guangzhou Opera House Huacheng Square (Zhujiang New Town) Twin Towers Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre International Finance Center Haixinsha Island Haizhu Square Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall South China Botanical Garden People's Park
Culture & demographics	Cantonese language Cantonese culture Cantonese cuisine Cantonese people Cantonese opera
Higher Education	Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Sun Yat-sen University South China University of Technology South China Normal University Jinan University Guangdong University of Foreign Studies South China Agricultural University Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou University Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou Medical University Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
History	Timeline Bibliography
Sports venues	Guangzhou Football Park Guangdong Provincial People's Stadium Yuexiushan Stadium Tianhe Stadium Guangdong Olympic Stadium Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Central Stadium Huadu Stadium Huangpu Sports Center Guangzhou Gymnasium Guangzhou International Sports Arena Yanzigang Stadium Henry Fok Stadium
Transport	Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Guangzhou Metro Guangzhou BRT Railway stations Guangzhou railway station Guangzhou East railway station Guangzhou South railway station Guangzhou North railway station Guangzhou Baiyun railway station Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway Guangfo Metro Guangzhou Buses Guangzhou Water Buses Guangzhou Trams Haizhu Tram Baiyun Cableway

v t e Years in China (1880–present)
Qing dynasty (1644–1912)	Pre-1880 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911
Republic of China (on Mainland) (1912–1949)	1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
People's Republic of China (1949–present)	1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Republic of China (on Taiwan) (1949–present)	1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024