Portal:Coffee

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The Coffee Portal

Introduction

Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.

The seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.

Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking as the modern beverage appears in modern-day Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to how it is now prepared for drinking. The coffee beans were procured by the Yemenis from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries, and cultivated in Yemen. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. (Full article...)

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Portrait of Kulczycki in Turkish attire, Czartoryski Museum

Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki of the Sas coat of arms (German: Georg Franz Kolschitzky, Ukrainian: Юрій-Франц Кульчицький, romanized: Yurii-Frants Kulchytskyi; 1640 – February 19, 1694) was a Polish nobleman, diplomat, and spy during the Great Turkish War of Ukrainian origin. For his actions at the 1683 Battle of Vienna, when he managed to get out of the besieged city to seek help, he was considered a hero by the local people. According to legend, he is often cited as starting the first café in the city in 1683, using coffee beans left behind by the retreating Ottoman Turks. However, more recent sources suggest that the first coffeehouse in Vienna was opened by the Armenian Johannes Theodat in 1685. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various coffee-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Statue of Fernando Pessoa by Lagoa Henriques, next to the A Brasileira café, in Chiado, Lisbon. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 2Kaffa kalid coffeepot, by French silversmith François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 3A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 4Home espresso machine with pump (from Coffee preparation)
Image 5The Coffee Bearer by John Frederick Lewis (1857) (from History of coffee)
Image 6The word coffee in various European languages (from Coffeehouse)
Image 7Wheel coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 8Coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 9Central European Habsburg coffee house culture: news, coffee, the glass of water and the marble table top (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 10Trieste from where the cappuccino spread (from Coffeehouse)
Image 11A coffee shop in Bacoor, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 12Café Tortoni is an emblematic café in Buenos Aires. Frequented by Jorge Luis Borges among many other figures of Argentina. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 13Interior of an espresso bar from Baliuag, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 14Drip coffee maker (from Coffee preparation)
Image 15The Federal Coffee Palace, built on Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888, was the largest and grandest Coffee Palace ever built. It was demolished in 1973. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 16Monsooned Malabar arabica, compared with green Yirgachefe beans from Ethiopia (from History of coffee)
Image 17A shop specialised in drip coffee in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (from Coffeehouse)
Image 18Café neon sign in Breda (from Coffeehouse)
Image 19Coffee break in Belgrade (2013) (from Coffee culture)
Image 20Café Mélange, Vienna (from Coffeehouse)
Image 2118th century French plan of Mocha, Yemen. The Somali, Jewish and European quarters are located outside the citadel. The Dutch, English, Turkish and French trading posts are inside the city walls. (from History of coffee)
Image 22Cafés in central Tirana (2017) (from Coffee culture)
Image 23Café Zimmermann, Leipzig (engraving by Johann Georg Schreiber, 1732) (from History of coffee)
Image 24Coffee plantation (from History of coffee)
Image 25Les Deux Magots in Paris, once a famous haunt of French intellectuals (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 26Dutch coffee-roasting machine, c. 1920 (from Coffee preparation)
Image 27Roadside café on the summer terrace. Buryatia, Russia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 28Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 29Family in Söderhamn, Sweden, seated for fika (c. 1916) (from Coffee culture)
Image 30Various grinders for coffee and spices (from Coffee preparation)
Image 31Coffee house culture between Vienna and Trieste: the coffee, the newspaper, the glass of water and the marble tabletop (from History of coffee)
Image 32Palestinian women grinding coffee, 1905 (from History of coffee)
Image 33The Grey Owl Coffee shop in Norman, Oklahoma (from Coffeehouse)
Image 34Dutch engraving of Mocha in 1692 (from History of coffee)
Image 35Moka pot (from Coffee preparation)
Image 36A coffee shop at a library in Melbourne (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 37A variation on the moka pot with the upper section formed as a coffee fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 38A cup of coffee with cheesecake at a cafe in Helsinki, Finland (from Coffee culture)
Image 39A 1652 handbill advertising coffee for sale in St. Michael's Alley, London (from History of coffee)
Image 40The Café de Flore in Paris is one of the oldest coffeehouses in the city. It is celebrated for its famous clientele, which included high-profile writers and philosophers. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 41Caffè San Marco in Trieste, known for its artists, writers and intellectuals (2014) (from Coffee culture)
Image 42Inside of a kopitiam, Malaysia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 43Pope Clement VIII: The Pope who popularised coffee in Europe among Christians (from History of coffee)
Image 44A coffeehouse in Damascus (2003) (from Coffee culture)
Image 45A coffeehouse in London, 17th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 46Single serve Vietnamese drip filter (from Coffee preparation)
Image 47Allow cold brew to steep for 8 to 24 hours (from Coffee preparation)
Image 48Home espresso machine without pump (only with steam pressure) (from Coffee preparation)
Image 49A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857) (from Coffee culture)
Image 50"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 51Caffè Florian in Venice (2015) (from Coffee culture)
Image 52A Viennese coffeehouse (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 53A café in a former church, Utrecht (from Coffeehouse)
Image 54Moka 2 Cup Coffee Fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 55A Viennese café (from Coffeehouse)
Image 56Filter coffee being brewed (from Coffee preparation)
Image 57Café Kampela, Helsinki (from Coffeehouse)
Image 58Commercial espresso machine (from Coffee preparation)
Image 59Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in New York City's Greenwich Village which was founded in 1927 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 60Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia and New Zealand have competing claims as being the birthplace of the "flat white". (from Coffeehouse)
Image 61Syrian Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930 (from History of coffee)
Image 62Coffeehouses often sell pastries or other food items. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 63Caffè Florian in Venice (from Coffeehouse)
Image 64An espresso by the glass in Trieste - in the local dialect "Nero in B" (from Coffee culture)
Image 65Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 66In a pour-over, the water passes through the coffee grounds, gaining soluble compounds to form coffee. Insoluble compounds remain within the coffee filter. (from Coffee preparation)

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... that 90% of the Arabica coffee produced in Peru is either typica or caturra?

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A cup of Kopi O

Kopi (Chinese: 㗝呸; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-pi), also known as Nanyang coffee, is a traditional coffee beverage found in several Maritime Southeast Asian nations. Often brewed to be highly caffeinated in strength, it is commonly served with sugar and/or milk-based condiments. This drink originated from the British Malaya era, with Hainanese cultural roots. The name of the drink is derived from the Malay term for coffee. The term Nanyang, which means "South Sea" in Mandarin, refers to Maritime Southeast Asia. Kopi culture vocabulary is grounded in Hokkien dialect as a result of historical immigration to Maritime Southeast Asia from the Minnan region in the south-eastern part of Fujian Province in Southeastern Mainland China. The beverage is usually served in coffee shops, Hawker centres and kopitiams across the region.

In Singapore, kopi is recognized as culturally significant and part of the everyday diet and lifestyle of many Singaporeans. It is habitual for Singaporeans of all ethnicities and ages to customize their Kopi using the Hokkien dialect. The Singapore coffee is distinct from other types of coffee due to its roasting process and preparation technique involving a variation of the Torrefacto method. Coffee consumption thus offers a medium for performing an ambivalent (g)local version of what it means to be a Singaporean. Concerns over the elevation of diabetes cases, have caused the creation of government-led nationwide campaigns in Singapore to reduce sugar intake, especially with regard to sweet drinks or drinks that add sugar such as Kopi O. This has the potential to affect the consumption of Kopi O. The significance of Kopi in Singapore's culture can be found in greater detail in Singapore's only Kopi museum. (Full article...)

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Doppio

Credit: Osman Bas

A Doppio is a double shot of espresso, extracted using a double coffee filter in the portafilter. This results in 60ml of drink, double the amount of a single shot espresso. More commonly called a standard double, it is a standard in judging the espresso quality in barista competitions. Doppio is Italian, meaning "double".

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Did you know (auto-generated)

... that the Claudia Quintet was born out of an incident at alt.coffee?
... that the short story collection Drinking Coffee Elsewhere was chosen by John Updike as a selection for the Today Show book club on NBC?
... that Franz Liszt's female admirers would fight over his cigar stubs and coffee dregs as souvenirs?
... that Arab Coffeehouse depicts Henri Matisse's visit to Tangier, where he saw its locals gaze for hours into fishbowls?
... that Bob Dylan poked Emmylou Harris when he wanted her to start singing during the recording of "One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below)"?
... that in a copyright infringement case over a coffee-table history of the Grateful Dead, the Second Circuit held that a reuser can still claim fair use despite negotiating with the rights holder?
... that during the October 1980 West Nile campaign, rebels were initially hailed as "liberators", only for them to start looting coffee?
... that the Chronicle of the 20th Century was so heavy that it was said to be "the first coffee table book seriously to threaten the well-being of coffee-tables"?

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Web resources

World Coffee Research – a 501 (c)(5) nonprofit program of the international coffee industry. (Wikipedia article: World Coffee Research)
Coffee Research Foundation – based in Kenya, and founded in 1908
Central Coffee Research Institute – based in Chickmagalur District, India, and founded in 1915

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v t e Coffee
Topics	Economics Fair trade History International Coffee Day Single-origin coffee Third-wave coffee
Production	Coffee production Organic coffee Shade-grown coffee Sustainable coffee List of countries by coffee production Coffee roasting Coffee wastewater Decaffeination Home roasting
Species and varieties	Arabica Benguet Blue Mountain Bonifieur Bourbon Geisha Kona Maracaturra Maragogipe Molokai S795 Sagada Charrieriana Liberica Barako Racemosa Robusta Sulu
Components	Cafestol Caffeic acid Caffeine Coffee bean Furan-2-ylmethanethiol Kahweol
Preparation	AeroPress Arabic coffee Jebena Brewed coffee Chemex Cezve Chorreador Coffeemaker Cold brew nitro Drip coffee Espresso doppio lungo ristretto Espresso machine French drip Karlsbad coffee maker French press Instant coffee Coffee syrup Knockbox Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot Percolator Turkish coffee Vacuum maker Single-serve coffee container
Coffee drinks	Affogato Americano Beaten coffee Bica Bicerin Black Russian Cà phê sữa đá Café au lait Café com cheirinho Café con leche Café de olla Café Touba Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Caffè mocha Cappuccino Carajillo Coffee cabinet Coffee milk Cortado Café Cubano Dalgona coffee Egg coffee Espresso Flat white Frappé coffee Frappuccino Galão Garoto Gassosa al caffè Iced coffee Indian filter coffee Ipoh white coffee Irish coffee Karsk Kopi Kopi luwak Kopi tubruk Kurdish coffee Latte macchiato Latte Liqueur coffee Long black Lungo Marocchino Mazagran Moretta Oliang Raf coffee Red eye Ristretto Rüdesheimer Kaffee Tenom coffee Turkish coffee White coffee White Russian Wiener Melange Yuenyeung
Organization lists	Bakery cafés Coffee companies Coffeehouses
Lifestyle	Barista Bikini barista Caffè sospeso Coffee break Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea CoffeeCon Coffee culture Coffee cupping Coffee palace Coffeehouse Historical coffeehouses Kopi tiam Latte art Viennese coffee house
Substitutes	Barley coffee Barley tea Barleycup Caro Cereal coffee Chicory Dandelion coffee Inka Maya nut Postum Qishr
Serving vessels	Coffee cup sleeve Cezve Demitasse spoon Tasse à café Zarf
Competitions	United States Barista Championship World Barista Championship World Brewers Cup
Misc.	Coffee and doughnuts Coffee bag Coffee service Coffee leaf rust Coffee wars Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment Canned coffee Coffee vending machine Used coffee grounds Sustainable coffee
Coffee portal Category: Coffee

v t e Coffee production by region
Top 20 producers (2014)	Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia Java Ivory Coast Mexico Nicaragua Papua New Guinea Peru Tanzania Thailand Uganda Vietnam
Other cultivators	Angola Bolivia China Cameroon Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo East Timor Guadeloupe Guam Haiti Jamaica Kenya Laos Martinique Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Sri Lanka United States (Hawaii) Venezuela
Lists	List of countries by coffee production List of countries by coffee exports

v t e Coffee in Italy
Roasters	illy Lavazza Massimo Zanetti Beverage Group Caffè Pascucci Caffè del Doge Guglielmo Caffè
Historical Coffeehouses	Antico Caffè Greco Caffè Bardi Caffè-Pasticceria Cova Caffè Florian Caffè Giubbe Rosse Caffè Lavena Caffè Michelangiolo Caffè Quadri Caffè San Marco Caffè Fiorio Caffè Gambrinus Gran Caffè Doney Palazzina Majani, Bologna Pedrocchi Café Antico Caffè Spinnato
People	Alfonso Bialetti Francesco Illy Luigi Lavazza Angelo Moriondo
Technology	Bialetti Caffitaly Cimbali FrancisFrancis De'Longhi Elektra Faema Gaggia La Marzocco Lelit Rancilio Saeco Smeg
Drinks	Affogato Barbajada Bicerin Bombardino Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Espressino Espresso Lungo Ristretto Doppio Latte macchiato Marocchino Mocaccino Shakerato Gassosa al caffè Moretta
Other	Barista Caffè sospeso Easy Serving Espresso Pod Espresso machine IperEspresso ISSpresso Lavazza A Modo Mio Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot