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1910 United States House of Representatives elections

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1910 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1908 November 8, 1910[a] 1912 →
All 391 seats in the United States House of Representatives[b]
196 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Champ Clark James Mann
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since March 4, 1909 March 4, 1911
Leader's seat Missouri 9th Illinois 2nd
Last election 172 seats 218 seats
Seats won 227[1][2][c] 161[1][2][d]
Seat change Increase 55 Decrease 57
Popular vote 5,700,035 5,680,628
Percentage 46.69% 46.53%
Swing Increase 1.31% Decrease 3.52%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Socialist Independent
Last election 0 seats 1 seat[e]
Seats won 1[1][2] 2[f][g][h]
Seat change Increase 1 Increase 1
Popular vote 527,968 57,938
Percentage 4.32% 0.47%
Swing Increase 1.94% Increase 0.04%
Speaker before election

Joseph Cannon
Republican

Elected Speaker

Champ Clark
Democratic

The 1910 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1910, while Maine and Vermont held theirs early in September, in the middle of President William Howard Taft's term. Elections were held for all 391 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 46 states, to the 62nd United States Congress.

The conservative Taft contended with major factional splits within his Republican Party. Instead of using his position as president to bridge compromise, Taft alienated the progressive wing of the party, which had championed his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt. While conservatives controlled the largest number of elected positions for Republicans, progressive politics had been what brought many voters to the polls. The clash of these units of the Republican Party, combined with the message of unity from the Democratic Party, was enough to allow the Democrats to take control of the House, ending 16 years in opposition. This was the first time that the Socialist Party won a seat.

Issues

[edit]

Protection was the ideological cement holding the Republican coalition together. High tariffs were used by Republicans to promise higher sales to business, higher wages to industrial workers, and higher demand for their crops to farmers. Progressive insurgents said it promoted monopoly. Democrats said it was a tax on the little man. It had greatest support in the Northeast, and greatest opposition in the South and West. The Midwest was the battleground.[3] The great battle over the high Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act in 1910 ripped the Republicans apart and set up the realignment in favor of the Democrats.[4]

Election summaries

[edit]
↓
230 2 162
Democratic [i] Republican
State Type Total
seats 		Democratic Republican Socialist
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama Districts 9 9 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Arkansas Districts 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
California Districts 8 1 Increase 1 7 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Colorado Districts
+ at-large 		3 3 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Connecticut Districts
+ at-large 		5 1 Increase 1 4 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Florida Districts 3 3 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia Districts 11 11 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Idaho At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois Districts 25 11 Increase 5 14 Decrease 5 0 Steady
Indiana Districts 13 12 Increase 1 1 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Iowa Districts 11 1 Steady 10 Steady 0 Steady
Kansas Districts 8 0 Steady 8 Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky Districts 11 9 Increase 1 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Louisiana Districts 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Maine[j] Districts 4 2 Increase 2 2 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Maryland Districts 6 5 Increase 2 1 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Massachusetts Districts 14 4 Increase 1 10 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Michigan Districts 12 2 Increase 2 10 Decrease 2 0 Steady
Minnesota Districts 9 1 Steady 8 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi Districts 8 8 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri Districts 16 14 Increase 4 2 Decrease 4 0 Steady
Montana At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Nebraska Districts 6 3 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 0 Steady
New Hampshire Districts 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
New Jersey Districts 10 7 Increase 4 3 Decrease 4 0 Steady
New York Districts 37 22 Increase 11 15[k] Decrease 11 0 Steady
North Carolina Districts 10 10 Increase 3 0 Decrease 3 0 Steady
North Dakota Districts 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio Districts 21 16 Increase 8 5 Decrease 8 0 Steady
Oklahoma Districts 5 3 Increase 1 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady
Oregon Districts 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania Districts 32 9 Increase 4 23 Decrease 4 0 Steady
Rhode Island Districts 2 1 Increase 1 1 Decrease 1 0 Steady
South Carolina Districts 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
South Dakota At-large 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee Districts 10 8 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Texas Districts 16 16 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Utah At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Vermont[j] Districts 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia Districts 10 9 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Washington Districts 3 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
West Virginia Districts 5 4 Increase 4 1 Decrease 4 0 Steady
Wisconsin Districts 11 2 Increase 1 8 Decrease 2 1 Increase 1
Wyoming At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Total[b] 391 228
58.4% 		Increase 56 162[k]
41.4% 		Decrease 57 1
0.3% 		Increase 1
Popular vote
Democratic
 
 46.69%
Republican
 
 46.53%
Socialist
 
 4.32%
Independent
 
 0.47%
Others
 
 1.99%
House seats
Democratic
 
 58.06%
Republican
 
 41.18%
Socialist
 
 0.26%
Independent
 
 0.51%
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Socialist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Election dates

[edit]

In 1910, two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early:

Two newly admitted states held elections late: New Mexico and Arizona held their first elections in 1911.

Special elections

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia 2
Iowa 9
Louisiana 2 Samuel L. Gilmore Democratic 1909 (special) Incumbent died July 18, 1910.
New member elected November 8, 1910.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Massachusetts 4 Charles Q. Tirrell Republican 1900 Incumbent died July 31, 1910.
New member elected November 8, 1910.
Democratic gain.
Winner lost election to the next term; see below.
Missouri 6
Tennessee 1 Walter P. Brownlow Republican 1896 Incumbent died July 8, 1910.
New member elected November 8, 1910.
Republican hold.
Virginia 4

Alabama

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates[5]
Alabama 1 George W. Taylor Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George W. Taylor (Democratic) 97.1%
  • ▌Louis Edelman (Republican) 2%
  • ▌L. F. Rush (Independent) 0.9%
Alabama 2 S. Hubert Dent Jr. Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 3 Henry D. Clayton Jr. Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 4 William B. Craig Democratic 1906 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Alabama 5 J. Thomas Heflin Democratic 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 6 Richmond P. Hobson Democratic 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 7 John L. Burnett Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 8 William Richardson Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 9 Oscar Underwood Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Arkansas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas

California

[edit]
Main article: 1910 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States representatives from California
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[6]
California 1 William F. Englebright Republican 1906 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John E. Raker (Democratic) 45.4%
  • ▌William F. Englebright (Republican) 45.1%
  • ▌William Morgan (Socialist) 8.8%
  • ▌C. H. Essex (Prohibition) 0.7%
California 2 Duncan E. McKinlay Republican 1904 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William Kent (Republican) 50.1%
  • ▌I. G. Zumwalt (Democratic) 44.0%
  • ▌W. H. Ferber (Socialist) 5.2%
  • ▌Henry P. Stipp (Prohibition) 0.7%
California 3 Joseph R. Knowland Republican 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 81.9%
  • ▌S. Miller (Socialist) 15.9%
  • ▌James N. Christian (Prohibition) 2.2%
California 4 Julius Kahn Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Julius Kahn (Republican) 56.5%
  • ▌Walter MacArthur (Democratic) 36.8%
  • ▌Austin Lewis (Socialist) 6.5%
  • ▌E. F. Dinsmore (Prohibition) 0.2%
California 5 Everis A. Hayes Republican 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 59.4%
  • ▌Thomas E. Hayden (Democratic) 27.4%
  • ▌E. L. Reguin (Socialist) 12.6%
  • ▌T. E. Caton (Prohibition) 0.6%
California 6 James C. Needham Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James C. Needham (Republican) 47.3%
  • ▌A. L. Cowell (Democratic) 44.2%
  • ▌Richard Kirk (Socialist) 6.2%
  • ▌Ira E. Surface (Prohibition) 2.3%
California 7 James McLachlan Republican 1900 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William Stephens (Republican) 58.7%
  • ▌Lorin A. Handley (Democratic) 21.5%
  • ▌Thomas W. Williams (Socialist) 16.6%
  • ▌C. V. LeFontaine (Prohibition) 3.2%
California 8 Sylvester C. Smith Republican 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Sylvester C. Smith (Republican) 50.5%
  • ▌William G. Irving (Democratic) 33.9%
  • ▌George A. Garrett (Socialist) 13.1%
  • ▌James S. Edwards (Prohibition) 2.5%

Colorado

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Colorado
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[7]
Colorado 1 Atterson W. Rucker Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Colorado 2 John A. Martin Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Martin (Democratic) 48.6%
  • ▌James A. Orr (Republican) 46.0%
  • ▌J. W. Smith (Socialist) 3.6%
  • ▌W. W. Loomis (Prohibition) 1.9%
Colorado at-large Edward T. Taylor Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Edward T. Taylor (Democratic) 47.9%
  • ▌Isaac N. Stevens (Republican) 46.1%
  • ▌W. C. Bentley (Socialist) 3.9%
  • ▌Alexander Craise (Prohibition) 2.1%

Connecticut

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[8]
Connecticut 1 E. Stevens Henry Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • ▌Edward E. Agard (Prohibition) 1.5%
  • ▌Anthony Rossmeisl (Soc. Labor) 0.8%
Connecticut 2 Nehemiah D. Sperry Republican 1894 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Others
  • ▌Thomas R. Thompson (Prohibition) 0.8%
  • ▌Otto Ruckser (Soc. Labor) 0.7%
Connecticut 3 Edwin W. Higgins Republican 1905 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Edwin W. Higgins (Republican) 47.8%
  • ▌Raymond J. Jodoin (Democratic) 47.4%
  • ▌Edward P. Clarke (Socialist) 2.7%
Others
  • ▌James M. Young (Prohibition) 1.7%
  • ▌Louis Weingarth (Soc. Labor) 0.5%
Connecticut 4 Ebenezer J. Hill Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Ebenezer J. Hill (Republican) 48.4%
  • ▌Lynn W. Wilson (Democratic) 42.5%
  • ▌Charles T. Peach (Socialist) 7.4%
Others
  • ▌Elisha Z. Ellis (Prohibition) 0.9%
  • ▌Edward Pryor (Soc. Labor) 0.8%
Connecticut at-large John Q. Tilson Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Q. Tilson (Republican) 47.9%
  • ▌George P. Ingersoll (Democratic) 44.1%
  • ▌Samuel E. Beardsley (Socialist) 6.2%
Others
  • ▌William P. Barstow (Prohibition) 1.1%
  • ▌Max Feldman (Soc. Labor) 0.7%

Delaware

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Florida

[edit]
Main article: 1910 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States representatives from Florida
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Frank Clark Democratic 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Frank Clark (Democratic) 78.5%
  • ▌Thomas W. Cox (Socialist) 12.2%
  • ▌Thomas C. Buddington (Republican) 9.3%
Florida 3 Dannite H. Mays Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Dannite H. Mays (Democratic) 89.6%
  • ▌Eric Vonaxelson (Socialist) 10.4%

Georgia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Idaho

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Idaho
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[9]
Idaho at-large Thomas R. Hamer Republican 1908 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Burton L. French (Republican) 55.44%
  • ▌A. M. Bowen (Democratic) 38.03%
  • ▌Rolla Myer (Socialist) 6.53%

Illinois

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois

Indiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana

Iowa

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa

Kansas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kansas 1 Daniel R. Anthony Jr. Republican 1907 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Kansas 2 Charles F. Scott Republican 1900 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican hold.
Kansas 3 Philip P. Campbell Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Philip P. Campbell (Republican) 44.7%
  • ▌Jeremiah D. Botkin (Democratic) 42.9%
  • ▌C. S. Bendure (Socialist) 12.4%
Kansas 4 James Monroe Miller Republican 1898 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Fred S. Jackson (Republican) 54.9%
  • ▌Henderson S. Martin (Democratic) 45.1%
Kansas 5 William A. Calderhead Republican 1894
1896 (lost)
1898 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Rollin R. Rees (Republican) 52.9%
  • ▌G. T. Helvering (Democratic) 47.2%
Kansas 6 William A. Reeder Republican 1898 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Isaac D. Young (Republican) 52.5%
  • ▌Frank S. Rockefeller (Democratic) 47.5%
Kansas 7 Edmond H. Madison Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
Kansas 8 Victor Murdock Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Victor Murdock (Republican) 87.3%
  • ▌George Burnett (Socialist) 12.7%

Kentucky

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Louisiana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana and 1910 United States Senate special election in Louisiana
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1
Louisiana 2 Samuel L. Gilmore Democratic 1909 (special) Incumbent died July 18, 1910.
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.
Louisiana 3
Louisiana 4
Louisiana 5
Louisiana 6
Louisiana 7

Maine

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maine

Maryland

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland and 1910 United States Senate election in Maryland
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 James Harry Covington Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 2 J. Frederick C. Talbott Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 3 John Kronmiller Republican 1908 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY George Konig (Democratic) 48.4%
  • ▌Charles W. Main (Republican) 47.4%
  • ▌Robert J. Fields (Socialist) 3.2%
  • ▌Conrad Mauler Jr. (Prohibition) 1.0%
Maryland 4 John Gill Jr. Democratic 1904 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Maryland 5 Sydney E. Mudd I Republican 1888
1890 (lost)
1896 		Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Parran (Republican) 49.2%
  • ▌J. Enos Ray Jr. (Democratic) 46.9%
  • ▌August Hartig (Socialist) 1.9%
  • ▌Samuel R. Neave (Prohibition) 1.6%
Maryland 6 George A. Pearre Republican 1898 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.

Massachusetts

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 George P. Lawrence Republican 1897 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George P. Lawrence (Republican) 48.9%
  • ▌Edward M. Lewis (Democratic) 45.9%
  • ▌Louis B. Clark (Socialist) 5.1%
Massachusetts 2 Frederick H. Gillett Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 48.8%
  • ▌William G. McKechnie (Democratic) 47.2%
  • ▌Alva E. Fenton (Socialist) 4.0%
Massachusetts 3 Charles G. Washburn Republican 1906 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 4 Vacant Incumbent died July 31, 1910.
Republican hold.
Massachusetts 5 Butler Ames Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Butler Ames (Republican) 51.1%
  • ▌James H. Carmichael (Democratic) 48.9%
Massachusetts 6 Augustus P. Gardner Republican 1902 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7 Ernest W. Roberts Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 8 Samuel W. McCall Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel W. McCall (Republican) 53.4%
  • ▌Frederick S. Deitrick (Democratic) 46.6%
Massachusetts 9 John A. Keliher Democratic 1902 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
Democratic hold.
Massachusetts 10 Joseph F. O'Connell Democratic 1906 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
Democratic hold.
Massachusetts 11 Andrew J. Peters Democratic 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Andrew J. Peters (Democratic) 59.2%
  • ▌William Dudley Cotton Jr. (Republican) 40.8%
Massachusetts 12 John W. Weeks Republican 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John W. Weeks (Republican) 56.4%
  • ▌Daniel J. Daley (Democratic) 43.6%
Massachusetts 13 William S. Greene Republican 1898 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 14 Eugene Foss Democratic 1910 (special) Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Massachusetts.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert O. Harris (Republican) 47.9%
  • ▌Thomas C. Thacher (Democratic) 47.6%
  • ▌John McCarty (Socialist) 4.5%

Michigan

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan

Minnesota

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[11]
Minnesota 1 James A. Tawney Republican 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Minnesota 2 Winfield Scott Hammond Democratic 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Winfield Scott Hammond (Democratic) 53.2%
  • ▌Franklin F. Ellsworth (Republican) 44.8%
  • ▌Dexter A. Thayer (Public Ownership) 2.0%
Minnesota 3 Charles Russell Davis Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota 4 Frederick Stevens Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Frederick Stevens (Republican) 56.6%
  • ▌John L. Gieske (Democratic) 37.5%
  • ▌Charles Stratton (Public Ownership) 5.9%
Minnesota 5 Frank Nye Republican 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Frank Nye (Republican) 50.0%
  • ▌Thomas P. Dwyer (Democratic) 43.3%
  • ▌Frederick F. Lindsay (Public Ownership) 6.7%
Minnesota 6 Charles August Lindbergh Republican 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota 7 Andrew Volstead Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
Minnesota 8 Clarence B. Miller Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Clarence B. Miller (Republican) 53.7%
  • ▌Alfred Jaques (Democratic) 32.5%
  • ▌Olin S. Watkins (Public Ownership) 13.7%
Minnesota 9 Halvor Steenerson Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.

Mississippi

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 Thomas Spight Democratic 1898 (special) Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 3 Benjamin G. Humphreys II Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4 Thomas U. Sisson Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5 Adam M. Byrd Democratic 1902 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 6 Eaton J. Bowers Democratic 1902 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 7 William A. Dickson Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 8 James Collier Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri

Montana

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Montana
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[20]
Montana at-large Charles N. Pray Republican 1906 Incumbent re-elected.

Nebraska

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 John A. Maguire Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 2 Gilbert Hitchcock Democratic 1906 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles O. Lobeck (Democratic) 48.86%
  • ▌Abraham L. Sutton (Republican) 48.13%
  • ▌Peter Mehrens (Socialist) 3.02%[22]
Nebraska 3 James P. Latta Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 4 Edmund H. Hinshaw Republican 1902 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles H. Sloan (Republican) 50.84%
  • ▌Benjamin F. Good (Democratic) 47.75%
  • ▌A. H. Martin (Socialist) 1.41%[24]
Nebraska 5 George W. Norris Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 6 Moses Kinkaid Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Moses Kinkaid (Republican) 52.75%
  • ▌William J. Taylor (Democratic) 42.68%
  • ▌Fred G. Chase (Socialist) 3.23%
  • ▌Robert G. Ross (Prohibition) 1.34%[26]

Nevada

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada

New Hampshire

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Jersey

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New York

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New York

North Carolina

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

North Dakota

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from North Dakota
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
North Dakota at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		Louis B. Hanna Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Louis B. Hanna (Republican) 32.27%
  • ▌Green tickY Henry T. Helgesen (Republican) 31.67%
  • ▌Tobias D. Casey (Democratic) 16.20%
  • ▌M. A. Hildreth (Democratic) 15.85%
  • ▌Arthur Hagendorf (Socialist) 2.02%
  • ▌N. H. Bjornstad (Socialist) 1.99%
Asle Gronna Republican 1904 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
Republican hold.

Ohio

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio

Oklahoma

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Oklahoma
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[28]
Oklahoma 1 Bird S. McGuire Republican 1907 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Bird S. McGuire (Republican) 49.2%
  • ▌Neil E. McNeill (Democratic) 44.6%
  • ▌W. L. Reynolds (Socialist) 6.1%
Oklahoma 2 Dick T. Morgan Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Oklahoma 3 Charles E. Creager Republican 1908 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Oklahoma 4 Charles D. Carter Democratic 1907 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles D. Carter (Democratic) 55.6%
  • ▌Charles M. Campbell (Republican) 30.3%
  • ▌J. N. Gilmore (Socialist) 14.0%
Oklahoma 5 Scott Ferris Democratic 1907 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Scott Ferris (Democratic) 58.8%
  • ▌J. H. Franklin (Republican) 27.6%
  • ▌H. H. Stallard (Socialist) 13.4%

Oregon

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oregon 1 Willis C. Hawley Republican 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Willis C. Hawley (Republican) 48.58%
  • ▌R. G. Smith (Democratic) 33.74%
  • ▌C. W. Sherman (Socialist) 9.20%
  • ▌W. P. Elmore (Prohibition) 8.48%[29]
Oregon 2 William R. Ellis Republican 1906 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Walter Lafferty (Republican) 51.79%
  • ▌John Manning (Democratic) 32.92%
  • ▌William A. Crawford (Socialist) 9.44%
  • ▌George B. Pratt (Prohibition) 5.86%[30]

Pennsylvania

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

South Carolina

[edit]
Main article: 1910 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
South Carolina 1 George Swinton Legaré Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 97.4%
  • ▌Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican) 2.1%
  • ▌William Eberhard (Socialist) 0.5%
South Carolina 2 James O. Patterson Democratic 1904 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 3 Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 4 Joseph T. Johnson Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 David E. Finley Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 J. Edwin Ellerbe Democratic 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7 A. Frank Lever Democratic 1901 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY A. Frank Lever (Democratic) 95.6%
  • ▌R. H. Richardson (Republican) 4.3%
  • Others 0.1%

South Dakota

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from South Dakota
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[31]
South Dakota at-large
(2 seats elected on a general ticket) 		Charles H. Burke Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles H. Burke (Republican) 31.73%
  • ▌Green tickY Eben Martin (Republican) 31.59%
  • ▌W. W. Soule (Democratic) 16.00%
  • ▌John E. Kelley (Democratic) 15.84%
  • ▌Knute Lewis (Prohibition) 2.03%
  • ▌W. J. Edgar (Prohibition) 2.02%
  • ▌Isaac M. Burnside (Independent) 0.80%
Eben Martin Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.

Tennessee

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Zachary D. Massey Republican 1910 (special) Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Tennessee 2 Richard W. Austin Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3 John A. Moon Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Moon (Democratic) 56.87%
  • ▌Charles R. Evans (Republican) 41.72%
  • ▌C. W. Crouch (Socialist) 1.41%[34]
Tennessee 4 Cordell Hull Democratic 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Cordell Hull (Democratic) 78.87%
  • ▌J. T. Odum (Ind. Democratic) 21.13%[35]
Tennessee 5 William C. Houston Democratic 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 Jo Byrns Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Jo Byrns (Democratic) 87.01%
  • ▌W. H. Jackson (Socialist) 12.99%[37]
Tennessee 7 Lemuel P. Padgett Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Lemuel P. Padgett (Democratic) 96.77%
  • ▌Daniel McCord (Independent) 2.06%
  • ▌B. F. Gaunt (Socialist) 1.17%[38]
Tennessee 8 Thetus W. Sims Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thetus W. Sims (Democratic) 57.91%
  • ▌S. E. Murrey (Republican) 41.48%
  • ▌F. W. Earnshaw (Socialist) 0.61%[39]
Tennessee 9 Finis J. Garrett Democratic 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Finis J. Garrett (Democratic) 85.75%
  • ▌J. W. Brown (Republican) 8.10%
  • ▌W. R. Landrum (Ind. Republican) 5.37%
  • ▌W. P. Outlaw (Socialist) 0.78%[40]
Tennessee 10 George Gordon Democratic 1906 Incumbent re-elected.

Texas

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Texas

Utah

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Utah

Vermont

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[42]
Vermont 1 David J. Foster Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY David J. Foster (Republican) 68.6%
  • ▌P. M. Meldon (Democratic) 29.7%
  • ▌George A. Thrall (Prohibition) 1.7%
Vermont 2 Frank Plumley Republican 1908 8Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Frank Plumley (Republican) 73.4%
  • ▌Alexander Cochran (Democratic) 25.1%
  • ▌Eugene M. Campbell (Prohibition) 1.5%

Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[43]
Virginia 1 William A. Jones Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • ▌F. L. Townsend (Socialist) 0.4%
  • ▌Edward Schade (Socialist Labor) 0.4%
Virginia 2 Harry L. Maynard Democratic 1900 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Edward E. Holland (Democratic) 79.0%
  • ▌H. H. Humble (Republican) 20.2%
  • ▌C. E. Good (Unknown) 0.8%
Virginia 3 John Lamb Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Lamb (Democratic) 84.8%
  • ▌W. R. Vawter (Republican) 12.8%
Others
  • ▌D. D. Harrison (Socialist) 1.4%
  • ▌T. A. Hollins (Socialist Labor) 1.0%
Virginia 4 Robert Turnbull Democratic 1910 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 5 Edward W. Saunders Democratic 1906 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • ▌John B. Anglin (Unknown) 0.2%
  • ▌Bruce Anderson (Socialist) 0.1%
Virginia 6 Carter Glass Democratic 1902 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Carter Glass (Democratic) 87.6%
  • ▌William F. Allison (Republican) 12.4%
Virginia 7 James Hay Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 8 Charles C. Carlin Democratic 1907 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 9 C. Bascom Slemp Republican 1907 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 10 Henry D. Flood Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.

Washington

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Washington
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[44]
Washington 1 William E. Humphrey Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William E. Humphrey (Republican) 51.2%
  • ▌W. W. Black (Democratic) 37.1%
  • ▌W. W. Smith (Socialist) 9.4%
  • ▌R. E. Dunlap (Prohibition) 2.3%
Washington 2 W. W. McCredie Republican 1898 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Stanton Warburton (Republican) 57.5%
  • ▌Maurice Langhorne (Democratic) 28.9%
  • ▌Leslie E. Aller (Socialist) 11.2%
  • ▌W. E. Haycox (Prohibition) 2.3%
Washington 3 Miles Poindexter Republican 1908 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William La Follette (Republican) 62.1%
  • ▌Harry D. Merritt (Democratic) 29.7%
  • ▌David C. Coates (Socialist) 8.2%

West Virginia

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 William P. Hubbard Republican 1906 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John W. Davis (Democratic) 48.88%
  • ▌Charles E. Carrigan (Republican) 40.71%
  • ▌A. L. Bauer (Socialist) 7.77%
  • ▌Ulysses A. Clayton (Prohibition) 2.64%[45]
West Virginia 2 George C. Sturgiss Republican 1906 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
West Virginia 3 Joseph H. Gaines Republican 1900 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
West Virginia 4 Harry C. Woodyard Republican 1902 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
West Virginia 5 James A. Hughes Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1910.[50][51]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 Henry Allen Cooper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Allen Cooper (Republican) 57.2%
  • ▌Calvin Stewart (Democratic) 32.6%
  • ▌Michael Yabs (Social Dem.) 7.1%
  • ▌Hans H. Moe (Prohibition) 3.1%
Wisconsin 2 John M. Nelson Republican 1906
(special) 		Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 3 Arthur W. Kopp Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Arthur W. Kopp (Republican) 56.0%
  • ▌William Coffland (Democratic) 37.9%
  • ▌Charles H. Berryman (Prohibition) 3.4%
  • ▌Jesse C. Stoddard (Social Dem.) 2.7%
Wisconsin 4 William J. Cary Republican 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William J. Cary (Republican) 38.0%
  • ▌Winfield Gaylord (Social Dem.) 36.6%
  • ▌William J. Kershaw (Democratic) 25.1%
  • ▌Charles H. Berryman (Prohibition) 0.2%
Wisconsin 5 William H. Stafford Republican 1902 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
Social Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Victor L. Berger (Social Dem.) 38.3%
  • ▌Henry F. Cochems (Republican) 31.7%
  • ▌Joseph P. Carney (Democratic) 31.7%
  • ▌Moritz A. Schmoyer (Prohibition) 0.3%
Wisconsin 6 Charles H. Weisse Democratic 1902 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Wisconsin 7 John J. Esch Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John J. Esch (Republican) 63.1%
  • ▌Paul W. Mahoney (Democratic) 30.2%
  • ▌John Marquet (Social Dem.) 4.8%
  • ▌A. A. Merrill (Prohibition) 1.9%
Wisconsin 8 James H. Davidson Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James H. Davidson (Republican) 55.2%
  • ▌Fred B. Rawson (Democratic) 36.9%
  • ▌Richard W. Burke (Social Dem.) 6.9%
  • ▌Charles H. Velte (Prohibition) 0.9%
Wisconsin 9 Gustav Küstermann Republican 1906 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas F. Konop (Democratic) 45.6%
  • ▌Gustav Küstermann (Republican) 45.6%
  • ▌Thomas J. Oliver (Social Dem.) 6.7%
  • ▌Alex McEathron (Prohibition) 2.1%
Wisconsin 10 Elmer A. Morse Republican 1906 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Elmer A. Morse (Republican) 54.2%
  • ▌John F. Lamont (Democratic) 36.8%
  • ▌Lynn Thompson (Social Dem.) 9.0%
Wisconsin 11 Irvine Lenroot Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Irvine Lenroot (Republican) 88.5%
  • ▌Henry M. Parks (Social Dem.) 11.4%

Wyoming

[edit]
Main article: 1910 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
See also: List of United States representatives from Wyoming
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[52]
Wyoming at-large Frank W. Mondell Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates

[edit]

Alaska Territory

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Alaska

Alaska Territory elected its non-voting delegate August 9, 1910.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Alaska Territory at-large James Wickersham Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.

Arizona Territory

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from Arizona

Arizona Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large Ralph H. Cameron Republican 1908 Incumbent re-elected.

New Mexico Territory

[edit]
See also: List of United States representatives from New Mexico

New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
New Mexico Territory at-large William Henry Andrews Republican 1904 Incumbent re-elected.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Maine and Vermont held elections early, in September 1910.
  2. ^ a b Including late elections
  3. ^ Does not include 2 members from New Mexico and Arizona, elected from their new states in 1911.
  4. ^ Does not include 1 member from New Mexico, elected from their new state in 1911
  5. ^ Including one Independent Republican.
  6. ^ Includes Congressmen Theron Akin of the 25th District of New York, and Samuel Tribble of the 8th District of Georgia.
  7. ^ Theron Akin had been endorsed by the local Democratic Party in opposition to the Republican incumbent Cyrus Durey, but made known his intention to caucus with the Republican Party as a Progressive Republican upon being sworn in.
  8. ^ Samuel Tribble ran as an Independent Democrat in opposition to incumbent Congressman William Howard.
  9. ^ There was 1 Socialist and 1 Progressive Republican
  10. ^ a b Elections held early.
  11. ^ a b Including one Progressive Republican member, Theron Akin

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Martis, pp. 164–165.
  3. ^ Howard R. Smith, and John Fraser Hart, "The American tariff map." Geographical Review 45.3 (1955): 327-346 online.
  4. ^ Stanley D. Solvick, "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 50.3 (1963): 424-442 online
  5. ^ Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st through 105th Congresses. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 375. ISBN 0-7864-0283-0.
  6. ^ "JoinCalifornia - 11-08-1910 Election". www.joincalifornia.com. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  7. ^ "State of Colorado Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Colorado Elections Database. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
  8. ^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  9. ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  10. ^ "Our Campaigns - LA - District 02 Race - Nov 08, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  11. ^ University of Minnesota Libraries. "Minnesota Historical Election Archive". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  12. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  13. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  14. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  15. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  16. ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  17. ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  18. ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  19. ^ "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  20. ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  21. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  22. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  23. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  24. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  25. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  26. ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
  27. ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  28. ^ "Election Results". Oklahoma State Election Board. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
  29. ^ "OR - District 01 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  30. ^ "OR - District 02 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  31. ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  32. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  33. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  34. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  35. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  36. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  37. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  38. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  39. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  40. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  41. ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  42. ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  43. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 3, 2024.
  44. ^ "Elections | WA Secretary of State". www.sos.wa.gov. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  45. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  46. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  47. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  48. ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  49. ^ "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  50. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
  51. ^ Beck, J. D., ed. (1911). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Wisconsin Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics. pp. 728–731. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
  52. ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  53. ^ "Our Campaigns - AK Territorial Delegate Race - Aug 09, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  54. ^ "AZ Territorial Delegate - Final Election". Ourcampaigns.com.
  55. ^ "NM Territorial Delegate". Ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

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