Wugang dialect

Wugang dialect
Wugang dialect
Chinese: 武岡話
Native to	China
Region	Wugang, Hunan province
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Xiang Loushao Wugang dialect; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	hsn-luo
Glottolog	None

The Wugang dialect (Wu Kang in Wade–Giles) is an Old Xiang Chinese dialect spoken in Wugang, Hunan in China.

Classification

Wugang is an Old Xiang dialect,^[1] related to other Old Xiang dialects such as Shaoyang dialect.^[2]^[3]

Geographic distribution

The Wugang dialect is spoken in Wugang, Hunan.

Sub-dialects

The Wenping dialect is a sub-dialect of the Wugang dialect.^[4]

Features

Wugang words with the D tone are the only words in which devoicing can occur,^[5] with voiced stop and fricative initials.^[6]^[7]

The Wugang dialect is one of the dialects that uses "佢" or "其" as the pronoun for the third person.^[8]^[9]^[10]

References

^ Original from the University of Michigan Digitized May 16, 2008 Margaret Mian Yan (2006). Introduction to Chinese dialectology. Vol. 22 of LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics. LINCOM Europa. p. 107. ISBN 3-89586-629-6. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
^ Bangxin Ding; Ai-qin Yu; Anne O. Yue-Hashimoto (2005). "Yu yan ji yu yan xue" zhuan kan 紀念李方桂先生百年冥誕論文集. Zhong yang yan jiu yuan yu yan xue yan jiu suo. ISBN 9789860012033. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Appendix 1 : The classification and distribution of structural particles in the Hunan dialects 'longshan Sa0^zhi Zhangjiajie Yongshusi ... Wugang Shaoyang 0 Hengyang ^ cha|¡ng o Qiyang Lengshuitan Tongdao о .inning ev Chengb Le(' .
^ Original from the University of Virginia Digitized Oct 19, 2007 University of California, Berkeley. Project on Linguistic Analysis (2002). Journal of Chinese linguistics, Volumes 30-31. Project on Linguistic Analysis. p. 334. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Appendix i: Map) The classification and distribution of dialects spoken in Hunan lanyuan Xinshao • Shaodong Hengyang t Qi*>ng o .Wugang Sh«oying Lenphuitan Dongkou
^ Yunji Wu (2005). A synchronic and diachronic study of the grammar of the Chinese Xiang dialects. Vol. 162 of Trends in linguistics: Studies and monographs Volume 162 of Trends in Linguistics Series. Walter de Gruyter. p. 385. ISBN 3-11-018366-8. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 1998: 168 Shuangfeng + (Hongshan) Wangcheng (Qiaoyi) - Wugang - (Wenping) WX -Guzhang — (Shuangxi) WX-Yuanling Xiangtan + (Yijiahe) Xiangxiang + (Wangchunmen ) Xiangyin ... Data and sources of Chapter 4: Pronouns in the Hunan dialects
^ Original from the University of Virginia Digitized Apr 30, 2009Zhong yang yan jiu yuan. Li shi yu yan yan jiu suo (1975). Bulletin of the National Research Institute of History and Philology, Volume 46, Part 4. Gai suo. p. 640. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Among the dialects of Hunan, for example, the devoicing process has operated independently on Ancient voiced stops, affricates, and fricatives in different tonal categories and different dialects. Among the dialects of Wu-kang (AM), Shuang-feng (^^), and Tung-k'ou Huang-ch'iao (ÜR] Pff1Ü)> the devoicing process was accomplished only among words with the D tone. Among the dialects of Ling-ling (ЗД|^), Hsü-p'u (Щ&), Yung-shun ШЩ), Pao-ching ( ftflf), Yiing-sui (*$), Ku- chang (•££), Juan-ling (гШ), Lu-hsi (}Ш), Ch'ien-ch' eng (ЗШ), Ch'en-hsi (SSI). an(i Shao-yang (Sßß&) only words with B, C,
^ John McCoy; Timothy Light (1986). John McCoy; Timothy Light (eds.). Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies. Vol. 5 of Cornell linguistic contributions. Brill Archive. p. 387. ISBN 90-04-07850-9. Retrieved February 29, 2012. In the second subtype, voiced stop and affricate initials have, with some residue, been devoiced in words which had in the Ch'ieh-yün the D tone. Dialects of this type are (1) Shuang-feng, (2) Wu-kang, and (3) Huang-ch'iao; only for Shuang-feng do we have substantial material on record. In the third subtype, devoicing has extended beyond the initials of the D-tone words (which
^ John McCoy; Timothy Light (1986). John McCoy; Timothy Light (eds.). Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies. Vol. 5 of Cornell linguistic contributions. Brill Archive. p. 390. ISBN 90-04-07850-9. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 2. 1. Shuang-feng. 2. Wu-kang. 3. Huang-ch'iao
^ Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (2003). Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (ed.). The Sino-Tibetan languages. Vol. 3 of Routledge language family series (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Sanming Sanyuan, Jian'ou, Nanpfng Xiayang, Jianyang, Songxi, Zhenghe, Shunchang Ydngdun, Pucheng, Shunchang, Jiangle, Mfngxi) and a small number of Xiang dialects (Suining, Chengbu, Wugang, Xupu, Xinhua, Qfyang, Mayang); while ffi [i]
^ Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (2003). Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (ed.). The Sino-Tibetan languages. Vol. 3 of Routledge language family series (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 2.2.2 Personal pronouns While the first and the second person pronouns find cognates across the Chinese dialects, the third person pronoun is most diverse, even within major dialect groups, Q [t'a55] and its cognates are widely used only in the Northern, most Xiang, and a small number of Wu (for example, Yi'xing, Liyang, Jinhua, Danyang, Jingjiang, Changzhou, Wiixi) dialects;4 fg [k'-f or S [Id] and its cognates are used in the Yue. the Hakka, most Gan, some Wu - especially southern Wu (Changshii, Huzhou Shuanglin, Zhuji, Yuyao, Ni'ngbo. Huangyan, Wen/hou, Qiizhou, Jinhua, Y6ngkang), the Huizhou (Jixi. Shexian Tiinxi . Xiunfng. Yixian. Qfmen, Wuyuan), some Western Min (YSngan, Shaxian. Sanming Sanyuan, Jian'ou, Nanpfng Xiayang, Jianyang, Songxi, Zhenghe, Shunchang Ydngdun, Pucheng, Shunchang, Jiangle, Mfngxi) and a small number of Xiang dialects (Suining, Chengbu, Wugang, Xupu, Xinhua, Qfyang, Mayang); while ffi [i] and its cognates are used in most Min and Wu dialects.
^ Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (2003). Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (ed.). The Sino-Tibetan languages. Vol. 3 of Routledge language family series (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 2.2.2 Personal pronouns While the first and the second person pronouns find cognates across the Chinese dialects, the third person pronoun is most diverse, even within major dialect groups, 他 [t'a55] and its cognates are widely used only in the Northern, most Xiang, and a small number of Wu (for example, Yi'xing, Liyang, Jinhua, Danyang, Jingjiang, Changzhou, Wiixi) dialects;4 佢 [k'-] or 其 [ki] and its cognates are used in the Yue. the Hakka, most Gan, some Wu - especially southern Wu (Changshii, Huzhou Shuanglin, Zhuji, Yuyao, Ni'ngbo. Huangyan, Wen/hou, Qiizhou, Jinhua, Y6ngkang), the Huizhou (Jixi. Shexian Tiinxi . Xiunfng. Yixian. Qfmen, Wuyuan), some Western Min (YSngan, Shaxian. Sanming Sanyuan, Jian'ou, Nanpfng Xiayang, Jianyang, Songxi, Zhenghe, Shunchang Ydngdun, Pucheng, Shunchang, Jiangle, Mfngxi) and a small number of Xiang dialects (Suining, Chengbu, Wugang, Xupu, Xinhua, Qfyang, Mayang); while 伊 [i] and its cognates are used in most Min and Wu dialects.

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[1] Original from the University of Michigan Digitized May 16, 2008 Margaret Mian Yan (2006). Introduction to Chinese dialectology. Vol. 22 of LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics. LINCOM Europa. p. 107. ISBN 3-89586-629-6. Retrieved February 29, 2012.

[2] Bangxin Ding; Ai-qin Yu; Anne O. Yue-Hashimoto (2005). "Yu yan ji yu yan xue" zhuan kan 紀念李方桂先生百年冥誕論文集. Zhong yang yan jiu yuan yu yan xue yan jiu suo. ISBN 9789860012033. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Appendix 1 : The classification and distribution of structural particles in the Hunan dialects 'longshan Sa0^zhi Zhangjiajie Yongshusi ... Wugang Shaoyang 0 Hengyang ^ cha|¡ng o Qiyang Lengshuitan Tongdao о .inning ev Chengb Le(' .

[3] Original from the University of Virginia Digitized Oct 19, 2007 University of California, Berkeley. Project on Linguistic Analysis (2002). Journal of Chinese linguistics, Volumes 30-31. Project on Linguistic Analysis. p. 334. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Appendix i: Map) The classification and distribution of dialects spoken in Hunan lanyuan Xinshao • Shaodong Hengyang t Qi*>ng o .Wugang Sh«oying Lenphuitan Dongkou

[4] Yunji Wu (2005). A synchronic and diachronic study of the grammar of the Chinese Xiang dialects. Vol. 162 of Trends in linguistics: Studies and monographs Volume 162 of Trends in Linguistics Series. Walter de Gruyter. p. 385. ISBN 3-11-018366-8. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 1998: 168 Shuangfeng + (Hongshan) Wangcheng (Qiaoyi) - Wugang - (Wenping) WX -Guzhang — (Shuangxi) WX-Yuanling Xiangtan + (Yijiahe) Xiangxiang + (Wangchunmen ) Xiangyin ... Data and sources of Chapter 4: Pronouns in the Hunan dialects

[5] Original from the University of Virginia Digitized Apr 30, 2009Zhong yang yan jiu yuan. Li shi yu yan yan jiu suo (1975). Bulletin of the National Research Institute of History and Philology, Volume 46, Part 4. Gai suo. p. 640. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Among the dialects of Hunan, for example, the devoicing process has operated independently on Ancient voiced stops, affricates, and fricatives in different tonal categories and different dialects. Among the dialects of Wu-kang (AM), Shuang-feng (^^), and Tung-k'ou Huang-ch'iao (ÜR] Pff1Ü)> the devoicing process was accomplished only among words with the D tone. Among the dialects of Ling-ling (ЗД|^), Hsü-p'u (Щ&), Yung-shun ШЩ), Pao-ching ( ftflf), Yiing-sui (*$), Ku- chang (•££), Juan-ling (гШ), Lu-hsi (}Ш), Ch'ien-ch' eng (ЗШ), Ch'en-hsi (SSI). an(i Shao-yang (Sßß&) only words with B, C,

[6] John McCoy; Timothy Light (1986). John McCoy; Timothy Light (eds.). Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies. Vol. 5 of Cornell linguistic contributions. Brill Archive. p. 387. ISBN 90-04-07850-9. Retrieved February 29, 2012. In the second subtype, voiced stop and affricate initials have, with some residue, been devoiced in words which had in the Ch'ieh-yün the D tone. Dialects of this type are (1) Shuang-feng, (2) Wu-kang, and (3) Huang-ch'iao; only for Shuang-feng do we have substantial material on record. In the third subtype, devoicing has extended beyond the initials of the D-tone words (which

[7] John McCoy; Timothy Light (1986). John McCoy; Timothy Light (eds.). Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies. Vol. 5 of Cornell linguistic contributions. Brill Archive. p. 390. ISBN 90-04-07850-9. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 2. 1. Shuang-feng. 2. Wu-kang. 3. Huang-ch'iao

[8] Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (2003). Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (ed.). The Sino-Tibetan languages. Vol. 3 of Routledge language family series (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5. Retrieved February 29, 2012. Sanming Sanyuan, Jian'ou, Nanpfng Xiayang, Jianyang, Songxi, Zhenghe, Shunchang Ydngdun, Pucheng, Shunchang, Jiangle, Mfngxi) and a small number of Xiang dialects (Suining, Chengbu, Wugang, Xupu, Xinhua, Qfyang, Mayang); while ffi [i]

[9] Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (2003). Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (ed.). The Sino-Tibetan languages. Vol. 3 of Routledge language family series (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 2.2.2 Personal pronouns While the first and the second person pronouns find cognates across the Chinese dialects, the third person pronoun is most diverse, even within major dialect groups, Q [t'a55] and its cognates are widely used only in the Northern, most Xiang, and a small number of Wu (for example, Yi'xing, Liyang, Jinhua, Danyang, Jingjiang, Changzhou, Wiixi) dialects;4 fg [k'-f or S [Id] and its cognates are used in the Yue. the Hakka, most Gan, some Wu - especially southern Wu (Changshii, Huzhou Shuanglin, Zhuji, Yuyao, Ni'ngbo. Huangyan, Wen/hou, Qiizhou, Jinhua, Y6ngkang), the Huizhou (Jixi. Shexian Tiinxi . Xiunfng. Yixian. Qfmen, Wuyuan), some Western Min (YSngan, Shaxian. Sanming Sanyuan, Jian'ou, Nanpfng Xiayang, Jianyang, Songxi, Zhenghe, Shunchang Ydngdun, Pucheng, Shunchang, Jiangle, Mfngxi) and a small number of Xiang dialects (Suining, Chengbu, Wugang, Xupu, Xinhua, Qfyang, Mayang); while ffi [i] and its cognates are used in most Min and Wu dialects.

[10] Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (2003). Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla (ed.). The Sino-Tibetan languages. Vol. 3 of Routledge language family series (illustrated ed.). Psychology Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-7007-1129-5. Retrieved February 29, 2012. 2.2.2 Personal pronouns While the first and the second person pronouns find cognates across the Chinese dialects, the third person pronoun is most diverse, even within major dialect groups, 他 [t'a55] and its cognates are widely used only in the Northern, most Xiang, and a small number of Wu (for example, Yi'xing, Liyang, Jinhua, Danyang, Jingjiang, Changzhou, Wiixi) dialects;4 佢 [k'-] or 其 [ki] and its cognates are used in the Yue. the Hakka, most Gan, some Wu - especially southern Wu (Changshii, Huzhou Shuanglin, Zhuji, Yuyao, Ni'ngbo. Huangyan, Wen/hou, Qiizhou, Jinhua, Y6ngkang), the Huizhou (Jixi. Shexian Tiinxi . Xiunfng. Yixian. Qfmen, Wuyuan), some Western Min (YSngan, Shaxian. Sanming Sanyuan, Jian'ou, Nanpfng Xiayang, Jianyang, Songxi, Zhenghe, Shunchang Ydngdun, Pucheng, Shunchang, Jiangle, Mfngxi) and a small number of Xiang dialects (Suining, Chengbu, Wugang, Xupu, Xinhua, Qfyang, Mayang); while 伊 [i] and its cognates are used in most Min and Wu dialects.

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Classification

Geographic distribution

Sub-dialects

Features

See also

References