1st Battalion International Legion (Ukraine)
 | This article may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self-published sources. (July 2024) |
| 1st Infantry Battalion International Legion | |
|---|---|
| 1 піхотний батальйон Інтернаціонального легіону 1 pihotnyi batalion internacionalnogo legionu | |
 Shoulder sleeve insignia | |
| Active | 27 February 2022[1] - present |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Type | Light infantry |
| Role | Anti-tank warfare Artillery observer Close-quarters battle Cold-weather warfare Drone warfare Fire support Indirect fire Jungle warfare Raiding Reconnaissance Urban warfare |
| Size | 500 (Estimated October 2022)[2] |
| Part of | International Legion for the Defence of Ukraine |
| Motto(s) | "Contra Rationem" |
| Engagements | |
| Website | Official Twitter page |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Unknown |
| Notable commanders | Bohdan (22 February 2022 - May 2022)[5] Anatoliy (May 2022 - unknown)[5] |
| Insignia | |
| Field insignia |  |
The 1st Infantry Battalion of the International Legion (Ukrainian: 1 піхотний батальйон Інтернаціонального легіону, romanized: 1 pihotnyi batalion internacionalnogo legionu), also commonly referred to as the 1st Battalion of the International Legion or the 1st International Legion, is a formation of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, functioning as part of the International Legion for the Defence of Ukraine formed on 27 February 2022.[1] The light infantry battalion is one of four units within the structure of the International Legion, consisting of fighters from several countries including: the United States, Croatia, Brazil, Japan, and more.[6][7]
The battalion has participated in crucial campaigns and battles including the Battle of Kupiansk and the Battle of Bakhmut.[8] Prior to August 2022, the battalion used to be under the designation of 1st Battalion "Vovkodav" (Ukrainian: 1-й батальйон «Вовкодав», romanized: 1-j batalʹjon «Vovkodav») and utilised a different insignia.[9][10][5]
History
[edit]Formation
[edit]
On 27 February 2022, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy made an announcement declaring the establishment of an international fighting force to assist in defending the sovereignty and independence of Ukraine amidst the Russian invasion.[11][1] Alongside the creation of an International Legion, included the creation of battalions making up the structure of the unit. The battalion was first designated as the 1st Battalion "Vovkodav" (Ukrainian: 1-й батальйон «Вовкодав», romanized: 1-j batalʹjon «Vovkodav»), having members from several countries such as the United States, Japan, Ireland, Croatia, and more - including some veterans such as those from the United States Marine Corps.[6]
The battalion was designated a commander by the name of "Bohdan", a military commander who reportedly does not maintain a public profile and not identified by his full name to avoid putting him in danger. Bohdan would later go on to move to the 3rd Special Purpose Battalion due to misconduct and problems within the battalion.[12]
Reforms
[edit]In May 2022, the battalions commander changed from the Ukrainian commander "Bohdan" to another commander by the name of "Anatoliy", this came after several issues, allegations, and findings of misconduct against commander Bohdan.[12] In August 2022 the name and insignia of the battalion changed.[5]
Issues and allegations
[edit]
On 30 November 2022, an article by the Kyiv Independent surfaced highlighting and revealing several issues and many problems within the International Legion; notably within the 1st Battalion.[12] The top findings included that multiple legionaires under the battalion claimed that many light weapons, which included Western-provided small arms went missing, suspecting the commanders of misappropriation. Soldiers also claimed that commanders of the battalion threatened them with weapons, bullied and harassed members, and also included allegations of sexual harassment. Other issues such as theft were highlighted, and for soldiers being wrongly kicked out under supposedly "made-up pretexts".[12]
Among the weapons that went missing, according to soldiers participating in checking inventory for the battalion, were up to 54 M4 Carbines made by the United States, several anti-tank weapons including RPGs and NLAWs, grenades, pistols, and a few thousand rounds of ammunition. Bayonets for CZ Bren and SCAR-L rifles also went missing from the Legion armories.[13] It was later alleged by Bohdan, the previous commander of the battalion, that these weapons were transported to one of the training grounds for the formation of a new unit of legionnaires with the permission of the leadership.[13]
Many legionaires filed complaints against various individuals such as Bakaliuk and Bohdan, Bakaliuk being in control of the legions armory at the time of the weapons going missing. However, many fighters of the International Legion, notably 1st Battalion, saw no reaction to the multiple complaints that they had filed against particular commanders who they accused of misconduct.[12]
An interview of a soldier from the 1st Battalion by the name of Joseph MacDonald surfaced in late 2022, with MacDonald revealing several issues with the religion once again. MacDonald highlighted incidents of theft being commonplace, and highlighted misconduct by Bohdan himself.[citation needed]
Insignia and Nickname
[edit]Following the creation of the battalion, the unit adopted an insignia which reflected its nickname and battalion designation. The original insignia featured a shield divided into two which represented the Ukrainian flag. The top of the insignia displayed the nickname of the battalion in yellow text - being "Vovkodav", below this were the inscriptions "International Legion" and "1st Battalion", the latter being in an abbreviated form.[5] The nickname, according to a Swiss soldier who served in the battalion, "Vovkodav" meant 'Wolf Fighter', being a Viking Warrior. The symbol represented courage and fierceness in battle as well as the Viking roots of the Ukrainian people.[5] The insignia also had a subdued version to hide the primary color elements of the insignia to make it less distinguishable and visible.
In August 2022, the battalions insignia appeared to have changed with its social media accounts utilising a new insignia and receiving a new designation of an Infantry battalion.[9][4] The insignia underwent significant changes, discarding the previous nickname "Vovkodav" as well as its associated symbolism of a wolf fighter. The shield was vertically divided, with the left half in red and the right half in green. Moreover, new insignia featured a yellow Spartan helmet and a sword piercing the center of it.[5] Other variations of the insignia with a tab above the shield exist, with the inscription "International Legion" inside of the tab, being more common.
A final change was made to the insignia in approximately November 2022, with the colors in the shield changing to a subdued grey colour instead of a green, and a yellow colour matching the spartan helmet replacing the red. This insignia is still currently in use, with older variants periodically still being used.
Visual Insignia
[edit]-
Former shoulder sleeve insignia of the 1st Battalion "Vovkodav". -
Former shoulder sleeve insignia, subdued variant, of the 1st Battalion "Vovkodav". -
Former shoulder sleeve insignia of the 1st Infantry Battalion. -
Current shoulder sleeve insignia of the 1st Infantry Battalion. -
Current shoulder sleeve insignia, subdued variant, of the 1st Infantry Battalion.
Equipment
[edit]Small arms
[edit]The battalion use a small variety of weapons, predominantly a fusion of Soviet/Russian weapons alongside Western weapons. Much like other battalions, the unit utilises variants of the Kalashnikov rifle series; such as the AK-74 and the AK-74M. The unit seems to be equipped with more modernized variants of the Kalashnikov rifle, as opposed to the 2nd Battalion which utilises other rifles such as the FN FAL and the AKM.
Other rifles from Western support such as the M4 Carbine, SCAR-L and the CZ BREN have also been in service. Some of these weapons went missing according to several legionaires.
As of July 2024, the brigade utilizes the following small arms:
- AK-74 - Soviet/Russian assault rifle
- AK-74M - Russian assault rifle
- M4 Carbine - American assault rifle
- SCAR-L - Belgian assault rifle
- CZ BREN - Czech assault rifle
Russo-Ukrainian War
[edit]Russian invasion of Ukraine
[edit]
The battalion has fought through some of the most crucial campaigns and battles throughout the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[8]
2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive
[edit]On 6 September 2022, a major counteroffensive by Ukrainian forces commenced in the Kharkiv region.[14] During the offensive, Ukraine retook over 500 settlements and 12,000 square kilometers of territory in the Kharkiv region. This offensive followed the launch of the Kherson counteroffensive in late August and displaced Russian troops across the entire of eastern Ukraine.[15][16] Bravo Company of the 1st Battalion participated heavily in the battles surrounding Kupiansk, especially in the village of Petropavlivka.[17] The village was said to be a strategically important logistic hub of Kupiansk.[18]
On 11 September 2022, the official page of the International Legion published footage of the 1st Battalion raising the Ukrainian flag in Kupiansk during the Kharkiv counteroffensive - demonstrating the success of the unit in combat actions.[3] Ensuing the liberation of Petropavlivka, the battalion and the Legion pushed east. When the frontline was established east of the Oskil River, the legionnaires switched to defending the new positions.[18]
Battle of Bakhmut
[edit]In March and April 2023, during the Battle of Bakhmut with Ukrainian forces rapidly losing ground in the direction of the city, the 3rd Battalion of the Legion alongside several teams including the Kenobi Death Korps, as part of Bravo I Company, from the 1st Battalion participated in the defense of Bakhmut. The International Legion regarded the battle as "one of the most gruelling battles since the beginning of the war". One of the Legionaires mentioned that during the battle, fighting was non-stop with heavy shelling, machine gun fire, and rockets being fired for 24 hours a day. Amidst the heavy fighting, the legionnaires contributed to repelling Russian attacks on the flanks of Bakhmut and securing the remaining supply routes into the besieged city.[19]
Structure
[edit]As of July 2024 the battalion's structure is as follows:
- 1st Infantry Battalion International Legion
- Battalion's Headquarters
- Alpha Company
- Alpha I
- Alpha II
- Alpha III
- Alpha IV Fire Support Platoon
- Alpha Drone Team
Bravo Company "Kenobi's Death Korps"
Bravo I
Bravo II
Bravo III "Wolverines"- Bravo IV Fire Support Platoon
Bravo Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Unit
Charlie Company
- Charlie I
- Charlie II
- Charlie III
- Charlie IV Fire Support Platoon
- Charlie Drone Team
- Mortar Platoon
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Team- Special Combat Team Spook
- Alpha Company
- Battalion's Headquarters
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Ukraine establishing foreign legion for volunteers from abroad". Reuters. 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ MacKinnon, Mark (2022-10-26). "Ukraine's Foreign Legion offers a shot at redemption for fighters from around the globe". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b c "The 1st Battalion of the International Legion for the Defence of Ukraine has raised the Ukrainian flag in Kupiansk!". Facebook. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b "International Legion for the Defense of Ukraine". Facebook. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g Neidhart, J. (2024). A Swiss Soldier In Ukraine: Inside Out (in German). tredition. p. 7. ISBN 978-3-384-24058-3. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b Орлова, Віолетта (2022-05-15). "Журналісти детально розповіли про іноземний легіон, який воює у складі ЗСУ (відео)". Новини України - останні новини України сьогодні - УНІАН (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ "Japanese mercenaries showed up in Ukraine, carrying the Rising Sun flag to the battlefield, and there were also masked female soldiers?". Sohu.com (in Chinese). 2023-08-17. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b "Join the Brave". International Legion for the Defense of Ukraine. 2024-06-05. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b "x.com". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ "Crossing the Pond: Latin American Foreign Fighters in Ukraine". Grey Dynamics. 2024-05-29. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ McKernan, Bethan (2022-02-27). "Ukraine appeals for foreign volunteers to join fight against Russia". the Guardian. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ a b c d e Myroniuk, Anna (2022-11-30). "Investigation: International Legion soldiers allege light weapons misappropriation, abuse by commanders". The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b Telishevska, Sofiia (2022-12-02). "The Kyiv Independent: The commanders of the Foreign Legion are probably involved in the theft of weapons. MDI has started checking". Бабель. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ Добрынин, Сергей (2022-09-08). "Украина диктует ход войны. Наступление ВСУ под Харьковом и Херсоном". Радио Свобода (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ "Ukraine must demine 12,000 km2 of liberated areas in Kharkiv region: official". Reuters. 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ Service, s Ukrainian (2022-10-14). "Ukraine Liberated Hundreds Of Settlements In Past Month, Kyiv Says, As Russian Strikes Continue". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ "Release of the short film about the Legion". International Legion for the Defence of Ukraine. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ a b "Liberation of Kupiansk". International Legion for the Defense of Ukraine. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ "Legion in the battle for Bakhmut". International Legion for the Defense of Ukraine. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
| Infantry Regiments |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Special Forces Wing | ||
- International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine
- Military units and formations established in 2022
- Pro-Ukraine foreign volunteer units in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Ground Forces of Ukraine
- Territorial defence battalions of Ukraine
- Military units and formations of Ukraine in the Russian invasion of Ukraine