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Solar eclipse of December 25, 1935

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Solar eclipse of December 25, 1935
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma−0.9228
Magnitude0.9752
Maximum eclipse
Duration90 s (1 min 30 s)
Coordinates83°30′S 9°24′E / 83.5°S 9.4°E / -83.5; 9.4
Max. width of band234 km (145 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse17:59:52
References
Saros121 (56 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9366

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, December 25, 1935,[1] with a magnitude of 0.9752. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. The Moon's apparent diameter was near the average diameter because it occurred 7.7 days after apogee (on December 18, 1935, at 2:40 UTC) and 4.8 days before perigee (on December 30, 1935, at 15:10 UTC).[2]

This was the last of five solar eclipses in 1935, with the others occurring on January 5, February 3, June 30, and July 30. The next time this will occur is 2206.

Annularity was visible from parts of Antarctica. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Antarctica, southern South America, and New Zealand.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

December 25, 1935 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1935 December 25 at 15:42:21.2 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1935 December 25 at 17:15:44.8 UTC
First Central Line 1935 December 25 at 17:18:14.4 UTC
Greatest Duration 1935 December 25 at 17:18:14.4 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1935 December 25 at 17:20:52.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1935 December 25 at 17:47:27.1 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1935 December 25 at 17:49:48.0 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1935 December 25 at 17:59:51.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1935 December 25 at 18:39:02.7 UTC
Last Central Line 1935 December 25 at 18:41:37.4 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1935 December 25 at 18:44:04.0 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1935 December 25 at 20:17:22.0 UTC
December 25, 1935 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.97525
Eclipse Obscuration 0.95112
Gamma −0.92279
Sun Right Ascension 18h13m12.8s
Sun Declination -23°24'47.6"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'15.8"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 18h13m41.2s
Moon Declination -24°17'40.0"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'46.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°57'52.6"
ΔT 23.7 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of December 1935–January 1936
December 25
Ascending node (new moon)
January 8
Descending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 121
Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 133
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Eclipses in 1935

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 121

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1935–1938

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

The partial solar eclipses on February 3, 1935 and July 30, 1935 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1935 to 1938
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
111 January 5, 1935

Partial
−1.5381 116 June 30, 1935

Partial
1.3623
121 December 25, 1935

Annular
−0.9228 126 June 19, 1936

Total
0.5389
131 December 13, 1936

Annular
−0.2493 136

Totality in Kanton Island,
Kiribati
June 8, 1937

Total
−0.2253
141 December 2, 1937

Annular
0.4389 146 May 29, 1938

Total
−0.9607
151 November 21, 1938

Partial
1.1077

Saros 121

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 121, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on April 25, 944 AD. It contains total eclipses from July 10, 1070 through October 9, 1809; hybrid eclipses on October 20, 1827 and October 30, 1845; and annular eclipses from November 11, 1863 through February 28, 2044. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on June 7, 2206. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 39 at 6 minutes, 20 seconds on June 21, 1629, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on February 28, 2044. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]

Series members 49–70 occur between 1801 and 2200:
49 50 51

October 9, 1809

October 20, 1827

October 30, 1845
52 53 54

November 11, 1863

November 21, 1881

December 3, 1899
55 56 57

December 14, 1917

December 25, 1935

January 5, 1954
58 59 60

January 16, 1972

January 26, 1990

February 7, 2008
61 62 63

February 17, 2026

February 28, 2044

March 11, 2062
64 65 66

March 21, 2080

April 1, 2098

April 13, 2116
67 68 69

April 24, 2134

May 4, 2152

May 16, 2170
70

May 26, 2188

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 24, 1916 and July 31, 2000
December 24–25 October 12 July 31–August 1 May 19–20 March 7
111 113 115 117 119

December 24, 1916

July 31, 1924

May 19, 1928

March 7, 1932
121 123 125 127 129

December 25, 1935

October 12, 1939

August 1, 1943

May 20, 1947

March 7, 1951
131 133 135 137 139

December 25, 1954

October 12, 1958

July 31, 1962

May 20, 1966

March 7, 1970
141 143 145 147 149

December 24, 1973

October 12, 1977

July 31, 1981

May 19, 1985

March 7, 1989
151 153 155

December 24, 1992

October 12, 1996

July 31, 2000

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

January 1, 1805
(Saros 109)

October 31, 1826
(Saros 111)

August 28, 1848
(Saros 113)

July 29, 1859
(Saros 114)

June 28, 1870
(Saros 115)

May 27, 1881
(Saros 116)

April 26, 1892
(Saros 117)

March 29, 1903
(Saros 118)

February 25, 1914
(Saros 119)

January 24, 1925
(Saros 120)

December 25, 1935
(Saros 121)

November 23, 1946
(Saros 122)

October 23, 1957
(Saros 123)

September 22, 1968
(Saros 124)

August 22, 1979
(Saros 125)

July 22, 1990
(Saros 126)

June 21, 2001
(Saros 127)

May 20, 2012
(Saros 128)

April 20, 2023
(Saros 129)

March 20, 2034
(Saros 130)

February 16, 2045
(Saros 131)

January 16, 2056
(Saros 132)

December 17, 2066
(Saros 133)

November 15, 2077
(Saros 134)

October 14, 2088
(Saros 135)

September 14, 2099
(Saros 136)

August 15, 2110
(Saros 137)

July 14, 2121
(Saros 138)

June 13, 2132
(Saros 139)

May 14, 2143
(Saros 140)

April 12, 2154
(Saros 141)

March 12, 2165
(Saros 142)

February 10, 2176
(Saros 143)

January 9, 2187
(Saros 144)

December 9, 2197
(Saros 145)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 14, 1820
(Saros 117)

February 23, 1849
(Saros 118)

February 2, 1878
(Saros 119)

January 14, 1907
(Saros 120)

December 25, 1935
(Saros 121)

December 4, 1964
(Saros 122)

November 13, 1993
(Saros 123)

October 25, 2022
(Saros 124)

October 4, 2051
(Saros 125)

September 13, 2080
(Saros 126)

August 26, 2109
(Saros 127)

August 5, 2138
(Saros 128)

July 16, 2167
(Saros 129)

June 26, 2196
(Saros 130)

Notes

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  1. ^ "December 25, 1935 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1935 Dec 25". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 121". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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