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Solar eclipse of February 14, 1934

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Solar eclipse of February 14, 1934
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma0.4868
Magnitude1.0321
Maximum eclipse
Duration173 s (2 min 53 s)
Coordinates13°12′N 161°42′E / 13.2°N 161.7°E / 13.2; 161.7
Max. width of band123 km (76 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse0:38:41
References
Saros139 (25 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9360

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Tuesday, February 13 and Wednesday, February 14, 1934,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0321. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only 1.6 days after perigee (on February 12, 1934, at 11:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

Totality was visible from the Dutch East Indies (today's Indonesia), North Borneo (now belonging to Malaysia), and the South Seas Mandate of Japan (the part now belonging to FS Micronesia). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, northern Oceania, Hawaii, and western North America.

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

February 14, 1934 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1934 February 13 at 22:05:29.4 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1934 February 13 at 23:06:39.1 UTC
First Central Line 1934 February 13 at 23:07:11.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1934 February 13 at 23:07:44.4 UTC
Greatest Duration 1934 February 14 at 00:33:36.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1934 February 14 at 00:38:41.4 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1934 February 14 at 00:43:45.3 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1934 February 14 at 01:02:37.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1934 February 14 at 02:09:25.3 UTC
Last Central Line 1934 February 14 at 02:09:56.3 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1934 February 14 at 02:10:27.3 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1934 February 14 at 03:11:47.3 UTC
February 14, 1934 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.03214
Eclipse Obscuration 1.06531
Gamma 0.48681
Sun Right Ascension 21h47m44.9s
Sun Declination -13°18'50.8"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'11.6"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 21h46m53.7s
Moon Declination -12°52'16.3"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'28.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°00'26.8"
ΔT 23.9 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of January–February 1934
January 30
Descending node (full moon)
February 14
Ascending node (new moon)
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 113
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139
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Eclipses in 1934

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 139

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1931–1935

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

The partial solar eclipses on April 18, 1931 and October 11, 1931 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on January 5, 1935 (partial), June 30, 1935 (partial), and December 25, 1935 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1931 to 1935
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
114 September 12, 1931

Partial
1.506 119 March 7, 1932

Annular
−0.9673
124 August 31, 1932

Total
0.8307 129 February 24, 1933

Annular
−0.2191
134 August 21, 1933

Annular
0.0869 139 February 14, 1934

Total
0.4868
144 August 10, 1934

Annular
−0.689 149 February 3, 1935

Partial
1.1438
154 July 30, 1935

Partial
−1.4259

Saros 139

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000.[5] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[6]

Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200:
18 19 20

November 29, 1807

December 9, 1825

December 21, 1843
21 22 23

December 31, 1861

January 11, 1880

January 22, 1898
24 25 26

February 3, 1916

February 14, 1934

February 25, 1952
27 28 29

March 7, 1970

March 18, 1988

March 29, 2006
30 31 32

April 8, 2024

April 20, 2042

April 30, 2060
33 34 35

May 11, 2078

May 22, 2096

June 3, 2114
36 37 38

June 13, 2132

June 25, 2150

July 5, 2168
39

July 16, 2186

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

22 eclipse events between December 2, 1880 and July 9, 1964
December 2–3 September 20–21 July 9–10 April 26–28 February 13–14
111 113 115 117 119

December 2, 1880

July 9, 1888

April 26, 1892

February 13, 1896
121 123 125 127 129

December 3, 1899

September 21, 1903

July 10, 1907

April 28, 1911

February 14, 1915
131 133 135 137 139

December 3, 1918

September 21, 1922

July 9, 1926

April 28, 1930

February 14, 1934
141 143 145 147 149

December 2, 1937

September 21, 1941

July 9, 1945

April 28, 1949

February 14, 1953
151 153 155

December 2, 1956

September 20, 1960

July 9, 1964

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

February 21, 1803
(Saros 127)

January 21, 1814
(Saros 128)

December 20, 1824
(Saros 129)

November 20, 1835
(Saros 130)

October 20, 1846
(Saros 131)

September 18, 1857
(Saros 132)

August 18, 1868
(Saros 133)

July 19, 1879
(Saros 134)

June 17, 1890
(Saros 135)

May 18, 1901
(Saros 136)

April 17, 1912
(Saros 137)

March 17, 1923
(Saros 138)

February 14, 1934
(Saros 139)

January 14, 1945
(Saros 140)

December 14, 1955
(Saros 141)

November 12, 1966
(Saros 142)

October 12, 1977
(Saros 143)

September 11, 1988
(Saros 144)

August 11, 1999
(Saros 145)

July 11, 2010
(Saros 146)

June 10, 2021
(Saros 147)

May 9, 2032
(Saros 148)

April 9, 2043
(Saros 149)

March 9, 2054
(Saros 150)

February 5, 2065
(Saros 151)

January 6, 2076
(Saros 152)

December 6, 2086
(Saros 153)

November 4, 2097
(Saros 154)

October 5, 2108
(Saros 155)

September 5, 2119
(Saros 156)

August 4, 2130
(Saros 157)

July 3, 2141
(Saros 158)

June 3, 2152
(Saros 159)

April 1, 2174
(Saros 161)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

May 5, 1818
(Saros 135)

April 15, 1847
(Saros 136)

March 25, 1876
(Saros 137)

March 6, 1905
(Saros 138)

February 14, 1934
(Saros 139)

January 25, 1963
(Saros 140)

January 4, 1992
(Saros 141)

December 14, 2020
(Saros 142)

November 25, 2049
(Saros 143)

November 4, 2078
(Saros 144)

October 16, 2107
(Saros 145)

September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)

September 5, 2165
(Saros 147)

August 16, 2194
(Saros 148)

Notes

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  1. ^ "February 13–14, 1934 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1934 Feb 14". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
  6. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 139". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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